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一.“喷泉”实验的原理喷泉实验成功的最关键因素——内外产生足够的压强差。如图1,圆底烧瓶中充满了易溶于液体b的气体a,根据物理学连通器的原理和帕斯卡定律可知:滴管挤出液体b之前,烧瓶内气体压强等于外界大气压。当向烧瓶内挤出滴管中的液体b后,因液体b吸收了气体a,导致烧瓶内压强减小,内外压强差较大,在外界大气压的作用下,使液体b从烧杯中倒吸入烧瓶而形成喷泉。
I. Principles of “Fountain” Experiments The most critical factor in the success of a fountain experiment is that there is enough pressure difference inside and outside. As shown in Figure 1, the round-bottomed flask is filled with gas a that is easily soluble in liquid b. According to the principles of the physical communicator and Pascal’s law, the gas pressure in the flask is equal to the outside atmospheric pressure before the dripper extrudes liquid b. When the liquid b in the pipette is squeezed out of the flask, because the liquid b absorbs the gas a, the pressure in the flask decreases, and the difference between the internal and external pressures is large. Under the action of external atmospheric pressure, the liquid b is poured from the beaker. The flask forms a fountain.