本研究从社会语言学视角出发,以30篇日本近代文学作品为研究资料,着重从自称词的复数形式以及与其共现的接尾词两方面进行全面调查,进而探究近代日语向现代日语过渡过程中自称词复数形式的使用特点。研究发现,近代前期日语自称词复数形式种类繁多,到了近代后期大量减少;男性复数形式的种类和数量远多于女性;复数形式通常不包含听话者。研究认为,日本封建时期的身份等级制度造成了当时复杂的自称词复数形式的使用状况。而随着身份等级制度的废除,自称词复数形式的使用才逐渐趋于稳定和规范。 From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this study uses 30 pieces of Japanese modern literary works as research materials, and conducts a comprehensive investigation from the plural forms of self-proclaimed words and the conjunctions of the self-proclaimed words, and then probes into the process of the transition from modern Japanese to modern Japanese The use of plural forms of self-proclaimed words. The study found that in the early modern period, the plural forms of Japanese self-proclaimed words dropped drastically in the late modern period. The types and numbers of plural forms in males were much more than those in females. The plural forms usually did not include the listeners. The study argues that the status hierarchy in Japan’s feudal period caused the use of plural forms of self-proclaimed words at that time. However, with the abolition of the status hierarchy, the use of plural forms of self-proclaimed words gradually stabilized and standardized.