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一前言自1973年石油冲击以来,日本的经济已由高度发展过渡到稳定发展,然而随着生活水平的提高和市政建设的加强,需水量增加的趋势并无变化。日本单位面积的降水量虽不少,但按人口平均计算并不多,为世界平均数的1/5,且地区差别也很大。因此,迫切需要开发水资源,以满足用水的需要。根据建设省的调查,日本已建的大小水库约1800座,1990年前必须完建351座水库(正在施工的有197座),否则,就不能满足用水的要求。此外,适合修建混凝土坝的地形地质良好的坝址,迄今已开发完毕;最近,随着土力学的发展和施工设备的进步,过去不适于建坝的坝址,已能修建填筑坝,且有逐渐增加的趋势。填筑坝虽有上述优点,但结构上存在一些象前几年失事的堤塘坝那种难点。
I. INTRODUCTION Since the oil shock of 1973, Japan’s economy has undergone a transition from a highly developed to a stable development. However, with the improvement of living standards and the strengthening of municipal construction, there has been no change in the trend of increasing water demand. Although there are a lot of precipitation per unit area in Japan, it is not large by the average of the population, accounting for one-fifth of the world average, and the regional differences are also large. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop water resources to meet the needs of water use. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Construction, about 1,800 large and small reservoirs have been built in Japan and 351 reservoirs (197 under construction) must be completed before 1990, otherwise water will not be able to meet the demand. In addition, dam sites with good topographical and geological conditions suitable for the construction of concrete dams have so far been developed; recently, with the development of soil mechanics and improvement of construction equipment, dam sites that were not suitable for dam construction have been constructed recently and There is a gradual increase in the trend. Although the above-mentioned advantages of filling dam, but there are some structural problems like the previous years, the dam of the dam dyke difficult.