本文回顾了西方管理学中经典的人性假设及对应的管理理论;认为企业文化管理是管理理论发展的第四个阶段;提出全新的人性假设———自在人假设。与“自在人”假设对应的管理理论是S管理理论;构建了S管理理论的模型,分析了S管理理论模型各核心要素作用机理及理论的运用条件,讨论了自在与不自在两种状态下模型的演变,以及不自在状态下,通过搭建金三角让模型回归自在状态;最后指出S管理理论的历史意义与需要进一步研究的问题。 This article reviews the classic assumptions of human nature and the corresponding management theories in Western management. It holds that corporate culture management is the fourth stage of the development of management theory; it proposes a new human hypothesis—the free human hypothesis. The management theory corresponding to the “free man” hypothesis is the S management theory; the model of the S management theory is constructed, the working mechanism of the core elements of the S management theory model and the conditions for the application of the theory are analyzed, and two kinds of self-incompatibility and disability are discussed. The evolution of the model under the state, and the state of unwillingness, let the model return to the free state by constructing the golden triangle; finally pointed out the historical significance of the S management theory and the problems that need further study.