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气管性支气管(tracheal bronchus，TB)是一种少见的先天性气道发育异常，由Sandifort首次描述为起源于气管的右肺上叶支气管。绝大部分没有临床症状，多因其他疾病行CT或支气管镜检查偶然发现，部分可导致反复呼吸道感染、支气管扩张、肺不张、气管插管并发症等，常合并其他先天性异常。随着支气管镜的应用、胸部CT及气道三维重建后处理技术的发展，TB的检出率不断提高。该文就近年来国内外有关TB的研究进行综述。“,”Tracheal bronchus(TB)is a rare congenital airway dysplasia described for the first time by Sandifort as a right upper lobe bronchus originating from the trachea.Most of patients with the anomaly are asymptomatic and incidentally discovered by chest CT or bronchoscopy for other diseases.But TB may cause recurrent respiratory tract infection, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, complications of endotracheal intubation in some cases.And it is often associated with other congenital malformations.With the application of bronchoscopy, the development of thoracic CT and three-dimensional reconstruction of post-procedure images, the detection rate of TB continues to increase.This article summarizes publication of TB at home and abroad in recent years.