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【目的】鉴定评价56个中晚熟玉米杂交组合的耐旱性。【方法】采用NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,以9个自选育中晚熟骨干玉米自交系为母本,6个不同遗传背景的中晚熟骨干自交系为父本,配制54个杂交组合,以郑单958和先玉335为对照品种,通过田间直接鉴定法,研究中晚熟玉米不同基因型材料在正常灌溉和干旱胁迫条件下与耐旱性有关的生育、形态、产量等性状差异,鉴定评价不同杂交组合的耐旱性,筛选对玉米耐旱性贡献较大的耐旱性鉴定指标。【结果】干旱敏感型杂交组合的具体表现为植株株高、穗位高降低,穗位叶叶绿素含量下降,雌雄花期间隔增大,雄穗减小,果穗短小,秃尖增大,穗行数和行粒数减少,千粒重和穗粒重降低,最终造成产量下降。参试杂交组合中耐旱性极强的组合为新自8549×ZPL717、新自8717×吉853、新自7425×吉853、先玉335、新自618×郑58、新自7425×PH4CV,耐旱指数分别为1.44、1.44、1.28、1.08、1.08、1.00。【结论】单穗粒重、穗粗、穗位叶叶绿素含量、行粒数、穗长、穗行数、千粒重和品种耐旱性关系密切,可作为耐旱性评价的一级筛选指标。筛选出3个组合的耐旱性优于先玉335,分别是新自8549×ZPL717、新自8717×吉853、新自7425×吉853。
【Objective】 The objective of the study was to evaluate the drought tolerance of 56 middle-late maturing maize hybrids. 【Method】 Inbred lines NCⅡincomplete diallel crosses were used in this study. Nine selfing middle and late maturing maize inbred lines were used as female parents, and six middle and late maturing backcross inbred lines with different genetic backgrounds were used as parents to prepare 54 hybrid combinations , Zhengdan958 and Xiangyu355 were used as control varieties to study the differences in fertility, morphological and yield traits related to drought tolerance under different conditions of normal irrigation and drought stress by field direct identification method. Identification and evaluation of the drought tolerance of different hybrid combinations, screening of drought-tolerant corn contribution to greater identification of drought tolerance. 【Result】 The results showed that the drought-sensitive hybrid combinations showed plant height, panicle height reduction, chlorophyll content at ear position, increased interval between male and female, decreased tassel, short ear, increased baldness, And the reduction of line grain, grain weight and grain weight per head decreased, eventually resulting in decreased production. The combination of drought tolerance in the hybrid combinations was new from 8549 × ZPL717, new from 8717 × Ji 853, new from 7425 × Ji 853, Xian Yu 335, Xin 618 × Zheng 58, new from 7425 × PH4CV, Drought tolerance index was 1.44,1.44,1.28,1.08,1.08,1.00. 【Conclusion】 The grain weight per panicle, panicle diameter, chlorophyll content, row grain number, grain length, ear length, 1000-grain weight and drought tolerance of the cultivars were closely related to each other and could be used as a first-level screening index for evaluating drought tolerance. Three combinations were selected to show better drought tolerance than Xiangyu 335, which are new from 8549 × ZPL717, from 8717 × Ji 853, and from 7425 × Ji 853 respectively.