文章使用1997~2006年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)、2011年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,通过中国20世纪90年代国有企业下岗潮的外生冲击与工具变量法,根据工厂倒闭(或下岗、被辞退、岗位取消)识别出被动失业,估计群体性失业对健康的短期和长期影响。研究结果显示,群体性失业不仅对健康产生短期的负面影响,也对健康有长期、持续的负面影响,但该影响对男性显著,对女性不显著。文章还发现,群体性失业主要通过非经济因素(心理因素与不健康行为)影响健康。文章的研究发现对在供给侧结构性改革背景下完善社会保障制度及制定相应的社会政策具有一定的意义。 Using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1997 to 2006 and China Health and Elderly Tracking Investigation (CHARLS) data from 1997 to 2006, the paper analyzes the external impact and the tool-variable method of laid-off state-owned enterprises in China in the 1990s, (Or laid-off, dismissed, post removed) to identify passive unemployment and assess the short-term and long-term health effects of mass unemployment. The results show that group unemployment not only has short-term adverse health effects but also long-term negative health effects. However, this effect is significant for males and insignificant for females. The article also found that group unemployment mainly affects health through non-economic factors (psychological factors and unhealthy behaviors). The research found that the article is of some significance for perfecting the social security system and formulating the corresponding social policies in the context of supply-side structural reforms.