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地震模拟和成像是用来验证委内瑞拉某陆上油田复杂地质区域的地震剖面构造解释的有利工具。通过分析PSTM成像问题并结合附近井的信息,导出了一个新的构造/速度模型,对采集于该新模型的合成地震数据进行叠前时间偏移再现成像问题。通过对比合成数据和实际数据的PSTM成像,验证了新的解释观念,并证实在PSTM成像中,目标层构造被超覆逆断层所扭曲,必须用PSDM来生成精确构造成像。为了给这个特殊成像目标选择一个合适的PSDM速度模型建立流程,必须用同样的合成数据集来评估不同的PSDM模型建立方法。对基于层析成像的网格和模型流程都进行了评估。对比了两种不同的PSDM成像方法后认为,没有构造表面约束的网格层析成像法不适于获取目的层的成像,而基于模型的速度校正法则适合获取其成像。
Seismic simulation and imaging are good tools to validate the seismic profile interpretation in a complex geologic area of an onshore oil field in Venezuela. A new tectonic / velocity model was derived by analyzing the PSTM imaging problems combined with the information of the nearby wells, and the synthetic seismic data collected in the new model were subjected to prestack time migration imaging. By comparing PSTM imaging of synthetic and real data, a new interpretation was validated and demonstrated that in the PSTM imaging the target layer structure was distorted by overrun thrust faults and PSDM was required to generate the exact tectonic imaging. In order to choose a suitable PSDM velocity model building process for this particular imaging target, the same synthetic data set must be used to evaluate different PSDM model building methods. Both mesh and model-based tomography-based processes were evaluated. After comparing two different PSDM imaging methods, it is considered that mesh tomography without surface constraint is not suitable for imaging the target layer, while the model-based velocity correction method is suitable for obtaining the imaging.