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单核细胞是血液中的一种单个核吞噬细胞,是机体免疫系统的重要组成成份。单核细胞具有明显的异质性,根据其表面分子CD14、CD16表达水平可分为经典型(CD14~(++)CD16-)、中间型(CD14~(++)CD16~+)和非经典型(CD14~+CD16~(++))单核细胞亚群。各单核细胞亚群具有相对独特的功能,在机体免疫应答和炎症过程中发挥不同作用。其中CD14~(++)CD16~-单核细胞吞噬能力最强,在血液系统固有免疫防御的第一线发挥重要作用。CD14~(++)CD16~+单核细胞可快速募集至炎症部位,参与炎症反应。CD14~+CD16~(++)单核细胞可沿血管壁爬行,展现“巡逻”功能。在脂多糖(LPS)、病毒等刺激下,3个单核细胞亚群细胞因子表达谱亦各具特点。此外,单核细胞亚群比例和功能异常与临床多种疾病密切相关。
Mononuclear cells, a single nuclear phagocyte in the blood, are an important component of the body’s immune system. Monocytes have obvious heterogeneity. According to the expression of CD14 and CD16, CD14 ~ (++) CD16-, CD14 ~ (++) CD16 ~ +) Classic (CD14 ~ + CD16 ~ (++)) monocyte subsets. Each monocyte subpopulation has a relatively unique function that plays a different role in the body’s immune response and inflammation. Among them, CD14 ~ (++) CD16 ~ - monocytes have the strongest phagocytic activity and play an important role in the first line of innate immune defense of hematological system. CD14 ~ (++) CD16 ~ + monocytes can be rapidly recruited to the inflammatory site, involved in the inflammatory response. CD14 ~ + CD16 ~ (++) monocytes can crawl along the blood vessel wall, showing “patrol ” function. In the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), virus and other three monocyte subpopulation cytokine expression profiles also have their own characteristics. In addition, the proportion and dysfunction of monocyte subsets are closely related to many clinical diseases.