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目的和方法：在沙土鼠通过夹闭双侧颈总动脉复制短暂性脑缺血神经元迟发性坏死，以海马ＣＡ１区神经元坏死为指标；在大鼠采用凝闭大脑中动脉复制局部脑缺血，以缺血区脑组织钠、水、钙含量及梗塞面积为指标；观察非竞争性、低亲和力兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂右甲吗喃对抗脑缺血的作用。结果：右甲吗喃能提高沙土鼠脑缺血后海马ＣＡ１区神经元存活数；能降低大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞后缺血区水、钠及钙含量，缩小梗塞面积。结论：右甲吗喃能减轻脑缺血后神经元死亡（即凋亡）；并通过减轻脑水肿，缩小梗塞面积，改善大鼠局部脑缺血时缺血性脑损伤。
PURPOSE AND METHODS: The necrosis of transient ischemic neurons was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries in gerbils and neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were used as indexes. In the middle cerebral artery of rats, Ischemia, ischemic brain areas of sodium, water, calcium and infarct size as an indicator; non-competitive, low affinity excitatory amino acid antagonist dextromethorphan against cerebral ischemia. Results: Dextromethorphan can increase the number of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area after gerbil cerebral ischemia; decrease the content of water, sodium and calcium in the ischemic area after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, and reduce infarct size. CONCLUSION: Dextromethorphan can attenuate neuronal death (ie apoptosis) after cerebral ischemia and relieve cerebral edema, reduce infarct size and improve ischemic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.