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人类原始生殖细胞(PGC)是人卵母细胞的祖细胞,是人类生存及繁衍后代的重要细胞。PGCs起源于性腺外,经迁移到达生殖嵴与体细胞共同组成生殖腺;之后,PGCs在性腺内经增殖、分化等一系列复杂的变化最终形成成熟的卵子。认识PGCs的起源、迁移、增殖、分化等过程对生殖医学具有重要意义。目前对禽类及小鼠PGCs的研究已取得深入进展,由于人PGCs不易获得,且受到伦理、道德及宗教方面的制约,有关人生殖细胞的研究进程较缓慢,对人PGC的起源及迁移过程等都不甚清楚,现就生殖细胞的起源、迁移、增殖及凋亡过程的研究进展作一概述。
Human primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenitor cells of human oocytes and are important cells for human survival and reproduction. PGCs originate outside the gonads, migrate to the genital ridge and somatic cells together constitute the gonads; after PGCs in the gonadal proliferation, differentiation and a series of complex changes eventually the formation of mature eggs. Understanding of PGCs origin, migration, proliferation, differentiation and other processes of reproductive medicine is of great significance. At present, the research on poultry and mouse PGCs has made further progress. Because human PGCs are not easily accessible and ethically, morally and religiously restricted, the research on human germ cells is relatively slow. The origin and migration of human PGCs Are not very clear, the germinal cells are now on the origin, migration, proliferation and apoptosis of the progress of the study are summarized.