对大同忻州窑矿、开滦赵各庄矿具有冲击倾向性煤体试样的扫描电镜(SEM)及三点弯曲试验,分析了冲击煤的显微组分、细观结构特征;并且通过对SEM数字图像和载荷位移关系的分析,初步解释突出煤体裂纹损伤演化的细观机理.试验表明,(1)煤是非均质材料,突出危险煤的微结构以粒状、网状、片状结构为主,也可以见到鳞片状和压扭性结构;(2)发生冲击地压灾害的破坏煤体中,裂纹主要为新生裂纹,且裂纹的扩展通常具有一定厚度带状区域,裂纹由萌发、维护到结构失稳的破坏过程具有自组织、能量耗散的特征;(3)经过冲击地压破坏后的试样破坏强度低于渐进破坏煤体试样的强度,约为1/3-1/2,这也说明因冲击地压能量突然释放引起的失稳破坏具有显著不同的特征.图10,表1,参10. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three-point bending test of coal samples with impacting tendency in Datong Xinzhou kiln mine and Zhaogezhuang coal mine in Kailuan were carried out. The microstructure and microstructure of the impact coal were analyzed. The relationship between the digital image and the displacement of the SEM image is analyzed, and the meso-mechanism of the damage evolution of the coal body is preliminarily explained. The results show that (1) the coal is heterogeneous, and the microstructure of the coal is in the form of granular, reticular and lamellar , And the scaly and crushed structure can also be seen. (2) In the coal body damaged by rock burst, the crack is mainly a newborn crack, and the crack propagation usually has a certain thickness of strip-shaped zone, and the crack is caused by germination (3) The failure strength of the specimen after impact failure is lower than the strength of specimens destructed gradually, which is about 1 / 3- 1/2, which also shows that the instability damage caused by the sudden release of rock burst energy has significantly different characteristics (Figure 10, Table 1 and Reference 10).