几个世纪来 ,人类主观色觉感知与外部客观色彩世界之间关系的讨论一直是知识界所关心的问题。随着科学的进步与学科的发展 ,其研讨方式也从早期哲学思辨式的探索 ,逐渐演变为人类学、社会学、民族学、语言学、生理学、心理学、物理学、神经学 ,乃至遗传学意义上的科学研究。七十年代以来 ,语言进化论观点在基本颜色词语的跨文化研究中取得了众所瞩目的成就 ,但这并不意味着我们在色彩语码研究中已找到终极真理。本文试图沿着进化论与相对论两种理论模式的发展进程 ,总结语言学色彩语码研究中的几种范式 ,从语言类型学、认知心理学、社会语言学诸方面展开论述 ,对近百年来色彩语码研究的概况和走向作一回顾与反思。 For centuries, the discussion of the relationship between the subjective perception of human beings and the external objective world of color has always been a matter of concern to the intellectual community. With the progress of science and the development of disciplines, the methods of its research have also gradually evolved from the exploration of early philosophical speculation into anthropology, sociology, ethnology, linguistics, physiology, psychology, physics, neurology and even genetic Scientific research in the sense of learning. Since the seventies, the viewpoint of linguistic evolution has made remarkable achievements in cross-cultural studies of basic color terms, but this does not mean that we have found the ultimate truth in color code research. This essay tries to summarize several paradigms in the study of linguistic color codes along the development of the two theoretical models of evolutionism and relativity, discussing from the aspects of linguistic typology, cognitive psychology and sociolinguistics. Color code research overview and trend to make a review and reflection.