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随着气候变暖,十字花科作物种植区北移,小菜蛾成为我国北方地区的重要害虫.远距离迁飞不仅引起小菜蛾大面积突然爆发,而且增大了抗药性基因扩散范围,导致抗药性大面积发展.阐明小菜蛾远距离迁飞对于早期监测预警与综合防治策略制订有重要意义.迄今为止,我国尚未对小菜蛾迁飞开展系统研究.本文总结了国内外有关小菜蛾远距离迁飞的研究结果,提出了小菜蛾远距离迁飞的证据:1)在冬季寒冷地区(如日本北部、加拿大西部和中国东北),小菜蛾无法越冬,推测翌年春季大量发生虫源是远距离迁飞而至;2)在海上观察船、山顶、海岛上或空中捕获到小菜蛾成虫,或直接观察到数量巨大的蛾群,为小菜蛾远距离迁飞提供了直接证据;3)小菜蛾地面成虫突增与昆虫远距离迁飞的适宜气象条件(如夜间逆温层、锋线过境等)相一致,为小菜蛾的远距离迁飞提供了适宜条件;4)垂直昆虫雷达识别的目标昆虫特征与小菜蛾的实验室测量特征和地面诱捕数据相吻合;5)小菜蛾不同地理种群的生物学性状和基因差异程度与地理距离无关,推测不同地点的小菜蛾之间进行频繁的基因交流;6)吊飞试验表明,小菜蛾具有远距离迁飞所需的飞行能力,且寄主植物的适合度下降可能是诱发小菜蛾迁飞的原因之一.最后展望了未来的研究方向:构建小菜蛾远距离迁飞轨迹模型,明确小菜蛾在我国远距离迁飞的路径;研究小菜蛾远距离迁飞的生理生化和生态学基础;提出小菜蛾迁飞条件下的种群抗药性治理策略.
As the climate warms, the planting area of cruciferous crops moves northward, and the diamondback moth becomes the important pest in the north of our country. The long-distance migration not only causes the large-scale sudden outbreak of diamondback moth, but also increases the spread range of drug- Large-scale development of drug resistance.Discussing the long-term migratory offspring of Plutella xylostella is important for the early warning and comprehensive prevention and control strategy formulation.To date, we have not carried out a systematic study on the migration of Plutella xylostella.This paper summarizes the long- According to the results of the study, the evidence for the long-term migration of Plutella xylostella was proposed: 1) Plutella xylostella is unable to wintering in cold winters (northern Japan, western Canada and northeastern China) Fly; 2) Obtain the diamondback moth adults on the sea observation ship, the mountaintop, the island or in the sky or directly observe a large number of moths and provide direct evidence for the long-distance flight of Plutella xylostella; 3) The abrupt increase of adult beetle is consistent with the suitable meteorological conditions (such as night temperature inversion layer, frontal transit, etc.) of migrating insects for long-distance insects, which provides the suitable conditions for the long-distance flight of the diamondback moth ; 4) The characteristics of the target insects recognized by vertical insects radar coincide with the laboratory measurement characteristics of diamondback moth and ground trap data; 5) The biological characteristics and genetic diversity of different geographical populations of diamondback moth have nothing to do with geographical distance, Plutella xylostella; 6) Suspension tests showed that Plutella xylostella had the ability to fly for long-distance translocation, and the decreased fitness of the host plants may be one of the reasons for inducing the migration of Plutella xylostella. The future research directions are as follows: Constructing the long-distance migration trajectory model of Plutella xylostella, making it clear the path of the Plutella xylostella long-distance migration in China; Studying the physiological, biochemical and ecological basis of the long-term migration of Plutella xylostella; Under the population resistance management strategy.