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资本主义社会人与人、人与自然以及人自身各个方面之间的激烈冲突催生了马克思主义。马克思主义以实现共产主义为宗旨,认为共产主义是上述冲突和矛盾的真正解决,是人的个性的自由全面的发展,其主要特征是和谐。和谐是马克思主义追求的目标,冲突只是在一定历史时期为实现这一目标而使用的手段。1848年前后,马克思、恩格斯主张经过阶级斗争、暴力革命实现共产主义,随着资本主义社会的变化,他们在晚年转而主张无产阶级以合法斗争途径实现自己的目的。俄罗斯和中国的马克思主义者出于实践需要对暴力革命重要意义的长期强调,使得马克思、恩格斯著作中与和谐相关的思想被遮蔽起来了。今天是人类走向和谐的时代,时代变化把马克思、恩格斯著作中与和谐相关的思想凸现了出来。对“和谐马克思主义”的研究将是马克思主义的重要发展。
The fierce clashes between people, people and nature in capitalist society and in all aspects of mankind have given birth to Marxism. To achieve communism, Marxism regards communism as a real solution to the above conflicts and contradictions and as a free and all-round development of human personality. Its main feature is harmony. Harmony is the goal pursued by Marxism. Conflict is only a means used to achieve this goal in a certain historical period. Around 1848, Marx and Engels advocated communism through class struggle and violent revolution. As the capitalist society changed, they later turned to advocate the proletariat’s lawful struggle for its own purposes. The long-term emphasis on the significance of violent revolution by Marxists in Russia and China needs to obscure the ideas related to harmony in the writings of Marx and Engels. Today is the era where mankind moves toward harmony. The changes of the times have highlighted the ideas related to harmony in the writings of Marx and Engels. The study of “harmonious Marxism” will be an important development of Marxism.