目的　探索先天性心脏病发生的可能危险因素及其交互作用 ,评估各危险因素在先天性心脏病发生中的相对重要性 ,为先天性心脏病的预防和诊治提供科学依据。方法　采用 1∶2配比的病例对照研究设计 ,对病例和对照的亲生父亲和 (或 )母亲 ,用统一的调查表进行现场询问。对所有研究因素用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归进行筛选 ,引入交互作用项 ,建立并评价最优回归模型。结果　研究共调查了 72名病例和 14 4名对照 ,进入分析的资料共 66组。按α =0 10水准 ,用单因素条件Logistic回归分析对 5 1个研究因素进行初筛后确定 16个可疑危险因素进行多因素条件Logistic逐步回归分析 ,最终筛选出本次研究与先天性心脏病发生有关的危险因素 7个 ,各变量间不存在交互作用。这些因素按对先天性心脏病发生作用由强到弱依次为 :孕生活事件精神刺激 (Z =3 2 0 ,P =0 0 0 14 )、本胎孕前妊娠次数 (Z =2 62 ,P =0 0 0 87)、孕早期感染史 (Z =2 60 ,P =0 0 0 94)、母亲最高学历 (Z =-2 5 3 ,P=0 0 114 )、孕 12周内感冒 (Z =2 40 ,P =0 0 163 )、孕 3个月内B超检查 (Z =2 2 9,P =0 0 2 2 3 )和出生时是否缺氧或窒息 (Z =1 98,P =0 0 477)。结论　先天性心脏病发生的独立危险因素 ,按对先天性心脏病发生的作 Objective To explore the possible risk factors of congenital heart disease and its interaction, assess the relative importance of each risk factor in the occurrence of congenital heart disease, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Methods A 1: 2 ratio case-control study was designed and on-site interviews were conducted with a common questionnaire for both cases and controls of biological fathers and / or mothers. All the research factors were screened by single factor and multi-factor conditional logistic regression, and the interaction items were introduced to establish and evaluate the optimal regression model. Results A total of 72 cases and 14 4 controls were investigated, and a total of 66 accessions were included in the analysis. According to the α = 0 10 level, Logistic regression analysis of single factor condition was used to screen 5 1 research factors to determine the 16 suspicious risk factors. Logistic stepwise regression analysis of multivariate logistic regression showed that this study was consistent with congenital heart disease There were 7 risk factors involved, and there was no interaction between the variables. These factors, according to the role of congenital heart disease from strong to weak as follows: mental stimulation of pregnancy events (Z = 320, P = 0 0 0 14), the number of pregnancies before pregnancy (Z = 626, P = 0 0 0 87), the first trimester infection (Z = 260, P = 0 0 0 94), the highest maternal education (Z = -253, P = 0 0 114) (P = 0 0 163), B ultrasound examination (Z = 229, P = 0 0223) and hypoxia or asphyxia at birth (Z = 98, P = 0 0 477). Conclusion The independent risk factors of congenital heart disease, according to the occurrence of congenital heart disease