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美国哲学家、现代符号学的创始人之一查尔斯·莫里斯(C.W.Morris)在其《符号、语言和行为》中把符号(sign)划分为语形学(syntax)、语义学(semantics)和语用学(pragmatics)。语形学研究符号与符号之间的关系,语义学研究符号与其所指对象的关系,语用学研究符号与其使用者的关系。随着日常语言学派的发展,语用学逐渐成为一个独立的学科。黄衍在其《语用学》一书中把语用学区分为英美学派(Anglo-American School of Pragmatics)和欧陆学
The American philosopher, CW Morris, one of the founders of modern semiology, divides the sign in his “Signs, Languages, and Behaviors” into syntax, semantics, and Pragmatics The relationship between symbols and symbols in morphological study, the relationship between the symbol of semantic study and the object it refers to, and the relationship between the symbol of pragmatics and its users. With the development of the daily language school, pragmatics has gradually become an independent discipline. Huang Yan divides pragmatics into Anglo-American School of Pragmatics and Eurology in his book Pragmatics.