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为了探索渭北旱塬春玉米田保护性轮耕模式的土壤培肥效果和增产增收效应,于2007—2014年在陕西合阳实施了秸秆覆盖或还田条件下免耕/深松(NT/ST)、深松/翻耕(ST/CT)、翻耕/免耕(CT/NT)、连续免耕(NT)、连续深松(ST)和连续翻耕(CT)等6种耕作处理田间定位试验,测定并分析了2010—2014年玉米收获期各耕作处理下0~60 cm土壤有机碳、氮储量,0~200 cm土层土壤含水量变化及春玉米产量差异.结果表明:6种耕作处理中以NT/ST处理增加土壤有机碳和全氮储量最为明显.与2007年试验前相比,6种耕作处理均增加了0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳储量,5年平均值增幅为12.3%~28.3%,5种保护性耕作处理土壤有机碳储量5年平均值较CT对照处理显著增加7.1%~13.2%.NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT等3种轮耕处理和NT处理0~60 cm土层土壤氮储量5年平均值较试验前增加2.5%~7.3%.NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT、NT和ST处理土壤氮储量5年平均值比连续翻耕增加3.6%~11.1%.5种保护性耕作处理土壤含水量较CT处理依次增加5.7%、2.3%、2.0%、5.5%和4.4%,以NT/ST处理土壤含水量最高.6种耕作处理春玉米平均产量表现为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT,以NT/ST处理最高,分别较其他5种处理显著增产4.2%、13.0%、11.3%、4.7%和13.8%;经济效益平均表现为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT.在6种耕作处理中,免耕/深松轮耕处理在改善土壤环境质量、提升土壤肥力和增产增收方面都表现出优越性,为旱作春玉米田较适宜的土壤轮耕模式.
In order to explore the effect of soil conservation and yield increase of protective corn in Weibei Wanyuhuang spring maize field, no-tillage / subsoiling (NT / ST, continuous tillage (ST / CT), tillage / no tillage (CT / NT), continuous tillage (NT), continuous subsoiling (ST) and continuous tillage Field experiment was conducted to determine and analyze soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage and soil water content in 0-200 cm soil layer and yield difference of spring maize at 0-60 cm soil layer during maize harvest from 2010 to 2014. The results showed that: NT / ST treatment increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen reserves most significantly in the tillage treatments.Compared with that before 2007, all the six tillage treatments increased the soil organic carbon storage in the 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer, and the five-year average The average of five years of five types of conservation tillage treatments increased significantly by 7.1% ~ 13.2% compared with the CT treatment. Three types of tillage, NT / ST, ST / CT and CT / NT The five-year average values of soil nitrogen storage in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer increased by 2.5% -7.3% compared with those before NT-ST treatment, NT / ST treatment, ST / CT treatment, NT / NT treatment and NT treatment. More than even Continued tillage increased by 3.6% ~ 11.1% .5 kinds of tillage tillage treatment soil water content increased by 5.7%, 2.3%, 2.0%, 5.5% and 4.4% than CT treatment in order to NT / ST treatment of soil moisture content .6 The average yield of spring maize in the tillage treatments was NT / ST> ST / CT> ST> NT> CT / NT> CT and the highest NT / ST treatments were 4.2%, 13.0% and 11.3% , 4.7% and 13.8%, respectively. The average economic benefit was NT / ST> ST / CT> ST> NT> CT / NT> CT. Among the six tillage treatments, no tillage / , Improve soil fertility and increase production and income have shown superiority, more suitable for dry spring maize field soil rotation mode.