电活性聚合物在外加电场诱导下能够改变形状或体积,不施加电场时,它又能恢复到原来的形状或体积,具有特殊的力学及电学性能.介电弹性体是制造驱动器、传感器、振动器和能量收集器等转换器的最有潜力电活性聚合物材料之一,在人工肌肉、智能仿生、航空航天、机械、生物等领域都有广泛的应用潜力.本文首先简要综述了介电弹性体及其应用,然后重点介绍了介电弹性体EAP材料的理论研究进展,其中包括本构关系、机电稳定性、突跳稳定性、超大电致变形机理、许用区域描绘及其应用器件的失效分析.本文最后对介电弹性体电致活性聚合物软质材料相关研究进行了展望. Electroactive polymers can change the shape or volume under the condition of applied electric field, and can return to the original shape or volume without applying electric field with special mechanical and electrical properties. Dielectric elastomer is a kind of material that makes the actuator, sensor, vibration And energy collectors such as converters, one of the most potential electroactive polymer materials in the field of artificial muscle, intelligent bionic, aerospace, mechanical, biological and other fields have a wide range of potential applications.This paper first briefly reviewed the dielectric elasticity And its application, and then focuses on the theoretical research progress of dielectric elastomer EAP materials, including constitutive relations, electromechanical stability, Kickstop stability, large electrostriction mechanism, permissible area description and application of devices Failure Analysis.At the end of this paper, the research on the related research of dielectric elastomer electro-