目的　了解 5个改水项目省 (区 )家庭主妇的相关卫生知识、态度、行为及有关影响因素。方法　实施干预前在 2 2个项目村中每个村随机抽取 12户 ,对 2 44名家庭主妇进行入户个别深入访谈和观察 ;其中汉族人口占 79 1% ,满族占 9 8% ,彝族、哈尼族、布依族合计占 11 8%。结果　①被调查家庭主妇日常喝开水的百分率为18 8%～ 87 5 % ;②家庭主妇洗手率为 40 4%～ 10 0 0 % ;③储水容器保洁正确率为 17 8%～ 94 1% ;④家庭厕所普及率为 2 6 7%～ 88 2 %。结论　①家庭主妇缺乏卫生知识 ,忽视相关卫生行为 ,卫生保健意识薄弱 ;②部分省 (区 )厕所普及率和使用率低 ,环境卫生状况较差。③家庭主妇选择广播电视是她们获得健康教育知识的最佳途径。 Objectives To understand the relevant health knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and related influencing factors of housewives of five provinces (regions) that have improved their water quality. Before the implementation of the intervention, 12 households were randomly selected from each of the 22 project villages, and 244 housewives were individually interviewed and observed in-house. Among them, Han population accounted for 79 1%, Manchu accounted for 98%, Yi, The Hani and Buyi people together account for 118%. Results 1 The percentage of housewives who drank water daily was 188% to 875%; 2 The rate of housewife hand washing was 40 4% to 100%; 3 The correct rate of water container cleaning was 17 8% to 94 1% ;4 The penetration rate of household toilets is 26 7% to 88 2%. Conclusions 1 Housewives lack health knowledge, neglect related hygiene behaviors, and have poor health care awareness; 2) The occupancy rate and use rate of toilets in some provinces (regions) are low, and environmental health conditions are poor. 3 Housewives choose radio and television as the best way for them to acquire knowledge about health education.