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目的分析吸附无细胞百白破疫苗(adsorbed acellular DTP combined vaccine,DTaP)疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)影响因素,完善疑似预防接种异常反应管理。方法针对2011年1月-2014年12月在本院航海东路社区卫生服务中心接种DTaP发生AEFI 41例进行回顾性监测分析。结果同期DTaP共接种3月龄~2周岁的儿童28 494人,发生AEFI 41例,发生率为0.144%。通过4年来接种DTaP发生AEFI监测数据进行对比,4年间AEFI呈整体下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.614,P=0.035)。结论数据显示,AEFI全年各月份均有出现,以7月、8月居多,呈现出夏季高发的态势,多发生在第3针或第4针。AEFI发生与DTaP疫苗本身固有特性、儿童年龄、接种剂次、接种季节时间、接种技术等相关。因此通过在接种DTaP时要严格规范化安全操作,掌握接种禁忌证,尤其注意AEFI的高发时机,做好接种告知提醒,可以从最大程度上减少AEFI发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influencing factors of suspected AEFI (Advaced acellular DTP combined vaccine, DTaP) and to improve the management of suspected abnormal vaccination response. Methods A retrospective surveillance analysis of 41 AEFI patients who received DTaP during the period from January 2011 to December 2014 was conducted at the Community Health Center of Hanghai Road in our hospital. Results During the same period, 28 494 children aged 3 months to 2 years were dosed with DTaP. AEFI occurred in 41 cases, with a rate of 0.144%. After 4 years of inoculation of DTaP AEFI monitoring data were compared, 4-year AEFI showed an overall downward trend, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.614, P = 0.035). Conclusions The data show that AEFI occurs in all the months of the year, mostly in July and August, showing a trend of high summer, mostly occurring on the 3rd or 4th needle. The occurrence of AEFI is related to the inherent characteristics of DTaP vaccine itself, the age of children, the frequency of inoculation, the season of seeding, the inoculation technique and so on. So by inoculating DTaP to strictly standardize the safe operation, vaccination contraindications, with particular attention to the high incidence of AEFI, do vaccination to remind, can minimize the occurrence of AEFI.