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《1934年互惠贸易协定法》的通过是美国贸易政策与立法发生重大转变的标志。“1934年体制”导致美国《联邦宪法》中由国会主导的贸易政策规制体制真正开始向由国会与总统共享决策体制的过渡完成。其中所涉及的深刻的国际与国内政治—经济背景是解读这一体制的关键所在。审视这一体制并廊清其中所含的法律机理,有助于我们深入剖析美国贸易政策的历史流变,其影响表现在对美国国内贸易政策与国际贸易体制两个层面。
The adoption of the Reciprocal Agreement on Trade Agreement of 1934 marked a major shift in U.S. trade policy and legislation. “The 1934 System” led to the fact that the Congress-led trade policy regulation system in the U.S. “Federal Constitution” really started to be completed through the transition from the decision-making system shared by the Congress and the president. The deep international and domestic political-economic contexts involved are the key to interpreting this system. A review of the system and the legal mechanism contained therein help us to analyze in depth the historical changes in U.S. trade policy. The effects are manifested in two aspects: the U.S. domestic trade policy and the international trade system.