目的　建立神经干细胞的分离、培养及分化鉴定技术 ;观察神经干细胞的生长、增殖及分化的特点。方法　分离新生SD大鼠脑室下区的组织 ,经消化及机械吹打后 ,采用原代贴壁及传代悬浮的方法 ,培养获得细胞克隆。应用免疫细胞化学方法及透射电镜检测技术 ,鉴定神经干细胞和分化的神经细胞。结果　从新生SD大鼠脑室下区分离的组织 ,经原代和传代培养均可形成细胞克隆 ,并具有增殖的能力。原代和传代细胞抗原 nestin呈阳性。分化后的细胞可表达神经元、星形角质细胞和少突角质细胞的特异性抗原。结论　用此方法分离的细胞具有自我更新和分化潜能 ,有很强的增殖能力 ,是属于中枢神经系统的干细胞 Objective To establish neural stem cell isolation, culture and differentiation identification technology; observe the characteristics of neural stem cells growth, proliferation and differentiation. Methods The tissues of subventricular zone were isolated from neonatal SD rats. After digestion and mechanical blowing, the cells were cultured and subcultured by primary adherence and passage suspension. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify neural stem cells and differentiated neural cells. Results The tissue isolated from the subventricular zone of newborn SD rats could form cell clone through primary and subculture, and had the ability to proliferate. Nestin positive for primary and subculture antigens. Differentiated cells express specific antigens in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Conclusion The cells isolated by this method have the potential of self-renewal and differentiation. They have strong proliferative capacity and belong to the central nervous system stem cells