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一、前言 我国广州郊区先后兴建两座船坞。第一座从1963年开始施工。先用挖泥船挖一基坑。接着做围堰使基坑与河流隔开。然后抽干坞水,建造船坞本身。这是过去的习惯做法。在软粘土地区,为了保持基坑边坡在抽水过程中的稳定,必须将边坡挖得很平缓。这样做很不经济,有时甚至是不可能的。为此,曾用井点提高边坡的稳定性,减少开挖量。实践证明,井点的确可以提高边坡的稳定性。1973年紧接第一座船坞又开始建造第二座船坞。吸收上次经验,一开始就采用井点加固软粘土。在有限的场地上以较陡的边坡(1∶3)干挖了一个基坑,这不仅大大减少了开挖量,而且没有影响第一座船坞的正常使用。
I. Preface Two submarine docks have been built in the suburbs of Guangzhou. The first one started construction in 1963. First dig a pit with a dredger. Then make a cofferdam to separate the pit from the river. Then drain the dock to build the dock itself. This is a customary practice in the past. In soft clay areas, in order to maintain the stability of the foundation slope in the pumping process, the slope must be dug gently. This is very uneconomical and sometimes impossible. For this reason, well points have been used to improve the stability of the slope and reduce the amount of excavation. Practice has shown that well points can indeed improve slope stability. In 1973, the first dock began construction of a second dock. Absorb the last experience and use well points to reinforce the soft clay from the beginning. A dry pit was dug in a relatively steep slope (1:3) on a limited site, which not only greatly reduced the excavation volume, but also did not affect the normal use of the first dock.