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善恶观念是道德哲学中最基本的一对概念,是人们对某种行为或事件道德与否的评价、观点和看法。随着社会生活中价值观、道德观的急剧变化,对这一问题的探讨显得极为必要。如何把握善恶的本质及功能,如何确立善恶的标准以及如何对善恶问题进行新视野、多角度的研究,已成为理论界关注的热点问题。德国著名哲学家罗伯特.施佩曼认为“善”与“恶”受制于文化形态、时代、社会阶层以及使用该词语者的性格特征等诸多因素,它具有相对性。判断行为是否“善”的最终标准就是看此行为能否促进人格的健全发展。一个人一旦形成了坚定的内心信念,就会在内心信念的支配和驱使下,对自己的道德活动行为进行自我评价和审视,自觉履行道德义务,产生善举。
The concept of good and evil is the most basic concept in moral philosophy, and it is the evaluation, opinion and opinion of people on the morality of a certain behavior or event. With the rapid changes of values and moral values in social life, it is extremely necessary to explore this issue. How to grasp the nature and function of good and evil, how to establish the standards of good and evil, and how to make a new horizon and multi-angle research on the issue of good and evil has become a hot issue that theorists pay more attention to. The famous German philosopher Robert Speerman holds that relativity exists between “good ” and “evil ” subject to the cultural forms, the times, the social strata and the character traits of those who use the word. Judging whether the behavior “good ” the ultimate criterion is to see whether this behavior can promote the sound development of personality. Once a person has formed a firm inner conviction, he will self-evaluate and examine his own moral activity under the control and drive of his inner conviction, conscientiously perform his moral obligations and produce good deeds.