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【目的】探究鸡枞菌是否能降解木质纤维素成分,并理解其与共生白蚁之间的共生关系。【方法】本研究是应用新一代高通量测序技术454 GS FLX Titanium对鸡枞菌的转录组进行测序,挖掘鸡枞菌中能参与降解纤维素和木质素等成分的多样性酶系。【结果】八分之一的RUN测序总共得到了82386条表达序列标签,去除引物和载体等序列后,剩余的54410条序列被拼接成3301条contigs以及3193条singletons。根据序列相似性,将这些unigenes与三大蛋白数据库(Nr数据库、SwissProt数据库、CDD数据库)中的蛋白序列进行BLAST比较,发现有2681条基因与其他生物的已知基因有不同程度的相似性。在鸡枞菌的这些转录产物中,有33条编码可能参与降解纤维素或半纤维素的酶基因,其中包括5种纤维素酶以及28种水解半纤维素、淀粉或几丁质等物质的酶类。更重要的是,还发现了4种漆酶以及一种芳基乙醇氧化酶基因,这些都是能有效降解木质素的酶类。这些结果揭示了鸡枞菌中存在漆酶并可能有效降解植物残渣中的酚化合物。【结论】这些基因的发现说明了鸡枞菌能降解木质素,并能与共生白蚁分泌的纤维素酶协同作用有效降解纤维素。
【Objective】 To investigate whether Termitomyces can degrade lignocellulose and understand its symbiotic relationship with symbiotic termites. 【Method】 In this study, a new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology 454 GS FLX Titanium was used to sequence the transcriptome of Termitomyces. Termitomyces strains were screened for diverse enzymes that could participate in the degradation of cellulose and lignin. 【Result】 A total of 82386 ESTs were obtained by one-eighth of the RUN sequencing. After removing the sequences of the primers and vectors, the remaining 54,410 sequences were spliced into 3301 contigs and 3193 singletons. According to the similarity of the sequences, BLAST comparison of these unigenes with the protein sequences in the three major protein databases (Nr database, SwissProt database and CDD database) revealed that 2681 genes have some degree of similarity with known genes of other organisms. Of these transcripts of Termitomyces, 33 encode genes that may be involved in degrading cellulose or hemicellulose, including five cellulases and 28 hydrolyzed hemicelluloses, starches or chitin Enzymes. More importantly, four laccases and one aryl alcohol oxidase gene were also found, which are enzymes that efficiently degrade lignin. These results reveal the presence of laccase in Termitomyces and may be effective in degrading phenolic compounds in plant residues. 【Conclusion】 The findings of these genes indicate that Termitomyces gibberellin can degrade lignin, and synergistically act with cellulase secreted by symbiotic termites to effectively degrade cellulose.