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一、高考英语听力试题的具体特征
1.题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有利于全面有效地检测考生在不同生活环境下对所学语言的感悟和接受能力。
2.听力材料来源于英语国家的生活会话，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然、真实，符合在非测试状态下英语口语在社会生活中运用的真实情景。
3.材料一般由10段左右的对话和独白构成，总词数为800左右。除一些专有名词外，材料中一般没有生词。
4.题干和选项较为简短，各选项的长度、难度、结构基本一致。
5.答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近平均值。
6.语速一般为140160wpm。
二、高考英语听力试题的组成
本部分共两节，测试考生理解口头英语的能力。
第一节：共5小题，每小题1分。要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料仅读一遍。
第二节：共15小题，每小题1分。要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料读两遍。
考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束后，考生有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
本部分所需时间大约20分钟（含转涂时间）。
三、高考英语听力测试的具体要求
（一）理解主旨、要义
对话或独白总是围绕主旨或者中心思想展开。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则贯穿整个对话或独白，需要考生自己去归纳、概括。
例：2013江苏（全国）第2题What are the speakers talking about？
A. A noisy nightB. Their life in town
C. A place of living
录音稿：
M： I really like living here in this flat， because its so near the center of town.
W： Thats true. But it gets really noisy at night.
该段对话中有关键词语living here in this flat， 整段对话均围绕这一话题进行。答案为C。
（二）获取事实性的具体信息
为了说明和解释主旨，对话和独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。这些信息是把握对话主旨必不可少的内容。此类题在高考听力试题中所占比例最大。
例1：2013江苏（全国）第3题Where is the man now？
A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.
C. At home.
录音稿：
M： Hi， Maggie. Im coming， but its snowing and the traffic is moving slowly.
W： OK， David. Take your time. Well wait for you， so we can have dinner together.
在本段对话中，谈话者提到四个信息：（1） Im coming. （2） Its snowing. （3） The traffic is moving slowly. （4） Take your time （慢慢来，不急）.从最后两个重要信息来判断答案为A。
例2：2013江苏（全国）第5题What day is it when the conversation takes place？
A. Saturday.B. Sunday.
C. Monday.
录音稿：
W： I wont have anything to wear to work on Monday unless I pick up my clothes at the dry cleaners.
M： Then youd better hurry. It closes at noon on Sundays.
W： Oh！ I should have gone there Saturday.
对话中出现了三个时间：Monday， Sundays and Saturday。但女士提到Monday and Saturday为干扰项。重要信息为男士说：那么你得快点，干洗店每周日中午关门。答案为B。
（三）对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等作出简单的推断
谈话的背景及说话者之间的关系对理解话语的含义有着举足轻重的作用。对谈话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度，在某种程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。
例1：2013江苏（全国）第4题What will Celia do？
A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.
C. Play basketball.
录音稿：
M： Celia， you see those girls over there？ They need another player for a basketball game. Would you like to join them？
W： Seems like its a game for fun. Sure， Ill be there in a minute. 此题要求根据谈话内容判断谈话背景。由于男士和Celia说他们打篮球少一个人。A为干扰项。答案为C。
例2：2013江苏（全国）第11题Who needs a new flat？
A. Alex.B. Andrea.
C. Miranda.
录音稿：
W： Hello， this is Andrea.
M： Hello， Andrea， this is Alex. I have some very good news for you. Miranda was very satisfied with you and said she was very much looking forward to working with you. Isnt that wonderful？ Congratulations dear！ How does it feel to be Mirandas new assistant？ I imagine that you are just delighted with this news. So lets see， you can start on Monday， right？
W： Umm， well， I dont think I can start on Monday. I am visiting my father in Baltimore. And because I dont live in New York， Ill need a couple of days to find a flat and buy some furniture and move my things from Avon.
M： Oh， well then， in that case I suppose Wednesday would be good. OK， see you then！
首先要弄清楚Andrea是女子名而Alex是男子名。然后抓住关键句Miranda was very satisfied with you and said she was very much looking forward to working with you.该句为干扰项。从Andrea的话语Ill need a couple of days to find a flat and buy some furniture and move my things from Avon.可知答案为B。
（四）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或提出、回答问题，或阐明自己的想法或表明自己的态度或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明着说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩和推断。
例：2013江苏（全国）第8题和第9题
8. Why does Diana say sorry to Peter？
A. She has to give up her travel plan.
B. She wants to visit another city.
C. She needs to put off her test.
9. What does Diana want Peter to do？
A. Help her with her study.
B. Take a book to her friend.
C. Teach a geography lesson.
录音稿：
W： Hey， Peter， Im sorry！
M： Hi， Diana， whats wrong？
W： We were going to Hong Kong this weekend， but Im afraid I cant go.
M： How come？
W： I have a really big geography test and I have to study for it.
M： We can go next week instead.
W： No， I dont want to ruin your weekend. You go ahead and please take the book I bought to my friend Sally. Tell her I have to study all weekend， because I cant afford to fail the test.
M： OK， then Ill go with Dan. But its a pity you cant come.
对话中女士提到她有地理考试，得做准备。表明自己周末不能去香港。男士最后说她不能去很可惜也验证了这一点。然后女士又讲You go ahead and please take the book I bought to my friend Sally.答案依次为A、B。
四、高考英语听力应试秘诀
高考英语听力测试与其他测试相比，有其特殊性，它要求考生从头到尾按顺序往下听，听完每段对话和独白后，要在规定的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的可能性。因此，掌握一些听力应试秘诀，对于在考场上正常发挥水平，取得理想的成绩尤为重要。下面结合近几年的高考英语听力试题介绍一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法。 1.听前（Prelistening）。稳定情绪，克服畏惧、紧张心理，以保证自己在紧张而又自然的心境中发挥出水平。如果走进考场后心情还不能平静下来，可试着闭目深呼吸几次。在每段录音未开始之前，抓紧时间浏览相关的题干和选项，确定听音的重点使听音具有明确的目的性和选择性，从而提高答题的准确率。如果选项中人名、地名、数字、年代等，可做好记录的准备。
2.听时（Whilelistening）。在听音过程中，注意力要高度集中。正式放音后，最后好不要将视线停留在题干和选项上，以免顾得上看，顾不得听，影响对该段材料的理解。要从整体上对每段话的中心及寓意有所理解。要注意however， yet， but， or等后面的句子，因为它们往往提示了问题的答案。对事件发生的场所、人物之间的关系、人物的职业、说话者的意图等，要靠整体理解去推断，不要受个别表面现象的迷惑。对于细节题，如提问有关时间、地点、人名、数字、原因、目的、结果等试题，既要以记、理解为主，又要稍作分析推理。涉及数字的题要做好记录，必要时再进行计算。对before / after； early / late； fast / slow； more / less； borrow / lend； increase / reduce； start / leave等词不能忽略。不管是听对话还是独白，注意力一定要集中在对整体内容的理解上，切不可只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不必强求自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词语以及与问题有关的内容上。如果中途未听清某一段材料，应马上放弃对相应题目的思考，将注意力及时转移到下一段材料上，否则会影响后面试题的得分。
3.听后（Postlistening）。听完每段对话或独白后，应迅速整理和回忆所听内容，耐心核查，并在最短时间内对答案作出判断。
4.预测话题。预测话题是指听者根据题干和选项推测谈话内容，做到“先看后听”，这样会比较主动。在高考英语听力中这是一种最基本实用的，也是考生必须掌握的秘诀之一。
例：2013江苏（全国）第13题What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant？
A. Where the restaurant is.
B. Whether the prices are low.
C. How well the food is prepared.
录音稿：
W： Hello， Mr. Jan Erick Freedman. Youre a frequent traveler. And we also know that you eat out twice a day. How come you are so fond of eating out？
M： When I got my first job back in 1982 and started traveling， I had no other choice but to eat out. I found that I felt different due to what I was eating， so I tried to find places that served food that made me feel good. The secret was the quality of the food and how well the food was prepared. I made an effort to find good restaurants as well as nice dishes.
……
从所给的题干和选项可知该题要求考生判断地点、价格和饭菜的质量。听录音时就应把注意力集中在这样的话语上so I tried to find places that served food that made me feel good. The secret was the quality of the food and how well the food was prepared.在做听力测试题时也要具备较扎实的语法功底。that served food为第一个定语从句，修饰先行词places； that made me feel good为第二个定语从句，修饰先行词food。答案为C。
5.通过归纳、分析、综合等推断答案。纵观近几年高考英语听力试题，需要考生在理解谈话内容的大意，掌握其中重要细节的基础上，经过分析、判断选择最佳答案的考题所占比例较大。所以，考生应在听懂对话或独白的同时，掌握归纳、分析、综合和推理的技巧。
例：2013江苏（全国）第20题Why does the speaker like Horatio street best？
A. It has an old stone surface.
B. It is named after a writer.
C. It has a famous university.
录音稿：
M： At the beginning of the tour， well start with the most important place in my town， which is the Plaza Leon. The Plaza Leon， which is more than 100 years old， is the gathering place for young people on Friday and Saturday nights， and for parents and children on Sunday afternoons. Four streets lead to the Plaza， which have wide sidewalks and a tree line. Hernandes Street， which was named after a famous writer born in the city， contains all of the food stores， fish markets， and vegetable stands. Fernandes Street， which was named after an educator， is where all of the government offices are housed. Via del Mar Street， whose roads are made of stones is the only street which still has its old surface. Finally we come to Horatio Street on which there are two universities. One of them is the most famous university in my country. Thats why it is my favorite street of all.
本题检测考生根据对话内容做出简单推断的能力。从独白最后3句话可知：在Horatio街有两所大学，其中一所是全国最著名的大学，这就是为什么Horatio街是我最喜欢的街道。答案为C。
6.了解文体特点，注意结构层次。听独白是高考英语听力测试的形式之一，其难度也较大，但如能充分了解独白的文体特点和结构层次，将有助于我们在听独白的过程中分清主次，将注意力集中在关键语句（主题句）和与问题有关的内容上来。独白大致可分为故事、演讲、新闻、介绍等。谈到结构层次，还应特别注意高考英语听力测试中的长对话。这些长对话轮次多，包含的信息量较大，对考生的综合能力要求较高。在长对话中，对话双方你问我答，就某一个问题进行较为深入的交谈，听起来有杂乱无章、应接不暇的感觉。例如高考英语听力试音材料中，双方提的几个问题Can I help you？ What kinds of events do you organize？ Could you tell me something about the English evenings？ 为整个对话提供了清晰的轮廓，只要我们抓住这几个问题，弄清他们的答案，也就抓住了整个对话内容的要点，再回答问题也就比较容易了。因此，听长对话的时候，除了要注意掌握细节外，更重要的是要抓住对话双方提问所提供的线索，这样才能够理清思路，把握内容要点。只要我们注重平时的基本功训练，再掌握一些听力秘诀，就能在高考英语听力测试中取得好成绩。
（作者：吴涛，南京市第三高级中学）
1.题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有利于全面有效地检测考生在不同生活环境下对所学语言的感悟和接受能力。
2.听力材料来源于英语国家的生活会话，具有明显的口语特征，听起来自然、真实，符合在非测试状态下英语口语在社会生活中运用的真实情景。
3.材料一般由10段左右的对话和独白构成，总词数为800左右。除一些专有名词外，材料中一般没有生词。
4.题干和选项较为简短，各选项的长度、难度、结构基本一致。
5.答案分布均匀，各选项的答案总数接近平均值。
6.语速一般为140160wpm。
二、高考英语听力试题的组成
本部分共两节，测试考生理解口头英语的能力。
第一节：共5小题，每小题1分。要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料仅读一遍。
第二节：共15小题，每小题1分。要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料读两遍。
考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上，听力部分结束后，考生有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
本部分所需时间大约20分钟（含转涂时间）。
三、高考英语听力测试的具体要求
（一）理解主旨、要义
对话或独白总是围绕主旨或者中心思想展开。有时，主旨和要义比较明确；有时则贯穿整个对话或独白，需要考生自己去归纳、概括。
例：2013江苏（全国）第2题What are the speakers talking about？
A. A noisy nightB. Their life in town
C. A place of living
录音稿：
M： I really like living here in this flat， because its so near the center of town.
W： Thats true. But it gets really noisy at night.
该段对话中有关键词语living here in this flat， 整段对话均围绕这一话题进行。答案为C。
（二）获取事实性的具体信息
为了说明和解释主旨，对话和独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。这些信息是把握对话主旨必不可少的内容。此类题在高考听力试题中所占比例最大。
例1：2013江苏（全国）第3题Where is the man now？
A. On his way.B. In a restaurant.
C. At home.
录音稿：
M： Hi， Maggie. Im coming， but its snowing and the traffic is moving slowly.
W： OK， David. Take your time. Well wait for you， so we can have dinner together.
在本段对话中，谈话者提到四个信息：（1） Im coming. （2） Its snowing. （3） The traffic is moving slowly. （4） Take your time （慢慢来，不急）.从最后两个重要信息来判断答案为A。
例2：2013江苏（全国）第5题What day is it when the conversation takes place？
A. Saturday.B. Sunday.
C. Monday.
录音稿：
W： I wont have anything to wear to work on Monday unless I pick up my clothes at the dry cleaners.
M： Then youd better hurry. It closes at noon on Sundays.
W： Oh！ I should have gone there Saturday.
对话中出现了三个时间：Monday， Sundays and Saturday。但女士提到Monday and Saturday为干扰项。重要信息为男士说：那么你得快点，干洗店每周日中午关门。答案为B。
（三）对谈话的背景、说话者之间的关系等作出简单的推断
谈话的背景及说话者之间的关系对理解话语的含义有着举足轻重的作用。对谈话背景、说话者之间关系的理解程度，在某种程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。
例1：2013江苏（全国）第4题What will Celia do？
A. Find a player.B. Watch a game.
C. Play basketball.
录音稿：
M： Celia， you see those girls over there？ They need another player for a basketball game. Would you like to join them？
W： Seems like its a game for fun. Sure， Ill be there in a minute. 此题要求根据谈话内容判断谈话背景。由于男士和Celia说他们打篮球少一个人。A为干扰项。答案为C。
例2：2013江苏（全国）第11题Who needs a new flat？
A. Alex.B. Andrea.
C. Miranda.
录音稿：
W： Hello， this is Andrea.
M： Hello， Andrea， this is Alex. I have some very good news for you. Miranda was very satisfied with you and said she was very much looking forward to working with you. Isnt that wonderful？ Congratulations dear！ How does it feel to be Mirandas new assistant？ I imagine that you are just delighted with this news. So lets see， you can start on Monday， right？
W： Umm， well， I dont think I can start on Monday. I am visiting my father in Baltimore. And because I dont live in New York， Ill need a couple of days to find a flat and buy some furniture and move my things from Avon.
M： Oh， well then， in that case I suppose Wednesday would be good. OK， see you then！
首先要弄清楚Andrea是女子名而Alex是男子名。然后抓住关键句Miranda was very satisfied with you and said she was very much looking forward to working with you.该句为干扰项。从Andrea的话语Ill need a couple of days to find a flat and buy some furniture and move my things from Avon.可知答案为B。
（四）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或提出、回答问题，或阐明自己的想法或表明自己的态度或意见。这在很大程度上有助于对整个对话的理解。有时，说话者的意图或观点是明着说出来的，有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩和推断。
例：2013江苏（全国）第8题和第9题
8. Why does Diana say sorry to Peter？
A. She has to give up her travel plan.
B. She wants to visit another city.
C. She needs to put off her test.
9. What does Diana want Peter to do？
A. Help her with her study.
B. Take a book to her friend.
C. Teach a geography lesson.
录音稿：
W： Hey， Peter， Im sorry！
M： Hi， Diana， whats wrong？
W： We were going to Hong Kong this weekend， but Im afraid I cant go.
M： How come？
W： I have a really big geography test and I have to study for it.
M： We can go next week instead.
W： No， I dont want to ruin your weekend. You go ahead and please take the book I bought to my friend Sally. Tell her I have to study all weekend， because I cant afford to fail the test.
M： OK， then Ill go with Dan. But its a pity you cant come.
对话中女士提到她有地理考试，得做准备。表明自己周末不能去香港。男士最后说她不能去很可惜也验证了这一点。然后女士又讲You go ahead and please take the book I bought to my friend Sally.答案依次为A、B。
四、高考英语听力应试秘诀
高考英语听力测试与其他测试相比，有其特殊性，它要求考生从头到尾按顺序往下听，听完每段对话和独白后，要在规定的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的可能性。因此，掌握一些听力应试秘诀，对于在考场上正常发挥水平，取得理想的成绩尤为重要。下面结合近几年的高考英语听力试题介绍一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法。 1.听前（Prelistening）。稳定情绪，克服畏惧、紧张心理，以保证自己在紧张而又自然的心境中发挥出水平。如果走进考场后心情还不能平静下来，可试着闭目深呼吸几次。在每段录音未开始之前，抓紧时间浏览相关的题干和选项，确定听音的重点使听音具有明确的目的性和选择性，从而提高答题的准确率。如果选项中人名、地名、数字、年代等，可做好记录的准备。
2.听时（Whilelistening）。在听音过程中，注意力要高度集中。正式放音后，最后好不要将视线停留在题干和选项上，以免顾得上看，顾不得听，影响对该段材料的理解。要从整体上对每段话的中心及寓意有所理解。要注意however， yet， but， or等后面的句子，因为它们往往提示了问题的答案。对事件发生的场所、人物之间的关系、人物的职业、说话者的意图等，要靠整体理解去推断，不要受个别表面现象的迷惑。对于细节题，如提问有关时间、地点、人名、数字、原因、目的、结果等试题，既要以记、理解为主，又要稍作分析推理。涉及数字的题要做好记录，必要时再进行计算。对before / after； early / late； fast / slow； more / less； borrow / lend； increase / reduce； start / leave等词不能忽略。不管是听对话还是独白，注意力一定要集中在对整体内容的理解上，切不可只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不必强求自己听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词语以及与问题有关的内容上。如果中途未听清某一段材料，应马上放弃对相应题目的思考，将注意力及时转移到下一段材料上，否则会影响后面试题的得分。
3.听后（Postlistening）。听完每段对话或独白后，应迅速整理和回忆所听内容，耐心核查，并在最短时间内对答案作出判断。
4.预测话题。预测话题是指听者根据题干和选项推测谈话内容，做到“先看后听”，这样会比较主动。在高考英语听力中这是一种最基本实用的，也是考生必须掌握的秘诀之一。
例：2013江苏（全国）第13题What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant？
A. Where the restaurant is.
B. Whether the prices are low.
C. How well the food is prepared.
录音稿：
W： Hello， Mr. Jan Erick Freedman. Youre a frequent traveler. And we also know that you eat out twice a day. How come you are so fond of eating out？
M： When I got my first job back in 1982 and started traveling， I had no other choice but to eat out. I found that I felt different due to what I was eating， so I tried to find places that served food that made me feel good. The secret was the quality of the food and how well the food was prepared. I made an effort to find good restaurants as well as nice dishes.
……
从所给的题干和选项可知该题要求考生判断地点、价格和饭菜的质量。听录音时就应把注意力集中在这样的话语上so I tried to find places that served food that made me feel good. The secret was the quality of the food and how well the food was prepared.在做听力测试题时也要具备较扎实的语法功底。that served food为第一个定语从句，修饰先行词places； that made me feel good为第二个定语从句，修饰先行词food。答案为C。
5.通过归纳、分析、综合等推断答案。纵观近几年高考英语听力试题，需要考生在理解谈话内容的大意，掌握其中重要细节的基础上，经过分析、判断选择最佳答案的考题所占比例较大。所以，考生应在听懂对话或独白的同时，掌握归纳、分析、综合和推理的技巧。
例：2013江苏（全国）第20题Why does the speaker like Horatio street best？
A. It has an old stone surface.
B. It is named after a writer.
C. It has a famous university.
录音稿：
M： At the beginning of the tour， well start with the most important place in my town， which is the Plaza Leon. The Plaza Leon， which is more than 100 years old， is the gathering place for young people on Friday and Saturday nights， and for parents and children on Sunday afternoons. Four streets lead to the Plaza， which have wide sidewalks and a tree line. Hernandes Street， which was named after a famous writer born in the city， contains all of the food stores， fish markets， and vegetable stands. Fernandes Street， which was named after an educator， is where all of the government offices are housed. Via del Mar Street， whose roads are made of stones is the only street which still has its old surface. Finally we come to Horatio Street on which there are two universities. One of them is the most famous university in my country. Thats why it is my favorite street of all.
本题检测考生根据对话内容做出简单推断的能力。从独白最后3句话可知：在Horatio街有两所大学，其中一所是全国最著名的大学，这就是为什么Horatio街是我最喜欢的街道。答案为C。
6.了解文体特点，注意结构层次。听独白是高考英语听力测试的形式之一，其难度也较大，但如能充分了解独白的文体特点和结构层次，将有助于我们在听独白的过程中分清主次，将注意力集中在关键语句（主题句）和与问题有关的内容上来。独白大致可分为故事、演讲、新闻、介绍等。谈到结构层次，还应特别注意高考英语听力测试中的长对话。这些长对话轮次多，包含的信息量较大，对考生的综合能力要求较高。在长对话中，对话双方你问我答，就某一个问题进行较为深入的交谈，听起来有杂乱无章、应接不暇的感觉。例如高考英语听力试音材料中，双方提的几个问题Can I help you？ What kinds of events do you organize？ Could you tell me something about the English evenings？ 为整个对话提供了清晰的轮廓，只要我们抓住这几个问题，弄清他们的答案，也就抓住了整个对话内容的要点，再回答问题也就比较容易了。因此，听长对话的时候，除了要注意掌握细节外，更重要的是要抓住对话双方提问所提供的线索，这样才能够理清思路，把握内容要点。只要我们注重平时的基本功训练，再掌握一些听力秘诀，就能在高考英语听力测试中取得好成绩。
（作者：吴涛，南京市第三高级中学）