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目的分析三峡工程运行后,湖北省长江水文情势变化及其对沿江地区血吸虫病流行的影响。方法收集2002-2012年湖北省典型水文站水情资料,以及沿江地区血吸虫病病情和螺情资料,分析三峡工程运行后血吸虫病疫情变化趋势。结果三峡工程运行后,长江湖北段1-3月水位较建坝前稍有上升,春季(5月)和汛期(8月)平均水位均较建坝前(2002年)降低,且汛期退水时间提前。三峡工程运行以来,湖北省沿江地区血吸虫病疫情总体呈下降趋势。2012年,居民血清学检测阳性率和耕牛感染率分别较建坝前(2002年)下降了2.97%和92.64%,血吸虫病病人数和病牛数分别较建坝前(2002年)下降了48.35%和94.48%。结论三峡工程运行后,湖北省沿江地区血吸虫病疫情总体呈逐年下降趋势,但仍需要持续开展长期的监测工作。
Objective To analyze the hydrological changes of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province and its impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River after the Three Gorges Project is operated. Methods The data of hydrological conditions of typical hydrological stations in Hubei Province from 2002 to 2012 were collected and the schistosomiasis prevalence and snail information along the Yangtze River. The trend of the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis after the Three Gorges Project operation was analyzed. Results After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the water level in January-March of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province slightly increased compared with that before the dam. The average water level in spring (May) and flood season (August) was lower than that before the dam (2002) Time ahead. Since the Three Gorges Project was put into operation, the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River in Hubei Province showed a general downward trend. In 2012, the positive rate of serological detection and the rate of cattle infection decreased by 2.97% and 92.64% respectively compared with that before the dam construction (2002). The number of schistosomiasis patients and the number of infected cattle decreased respectively before (2002) 48.35% and 94.48% respectively. Conclusion After the Three Gorges Project was put into operation, the overall epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River in Hubei Province showed a declining trend year by year. However, long-term monitoring work still needs to be carried out.