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高考中文言文阅读以史传文学为主。史传文学中史实的叙述,考生不难把握,而其中人物对话所阐述的观点、态度,史家(包括作者)对此所表述的观点、态度,考生理解起来,往往比较困难。要正确判断以上这些观点、态度,应注意四点。1.史论不能离开史实,文中人物对话也不能离开语言环境。因此判断要建立在整体阅读的基础上,万万不可断章取义。2.要注意隐含信息,理解这些议论的潜台词,听出其弦外之音,找出其实质来。3.要重视比较鉴别,这里包括人物对话中的观点比较,史家评论的观点比较,也包括选肢中对各种观点的表述的比较,有比较才有鉴别,有鉴别才能准确判断。4.要善于代入还原,将初步判断为正确的选肢代入原文中,看看是否符合文意,再最后敲定。
The Chinese reading of college entrance examinations mainly focuses on historical literature. The historical narrative in the historical biography literature is not difficult for the examinee to grasp, and the viewpoints and attitudes described in the dialogue among the characters, and historians (including the authors) understand the viewpoints and attitudes expressed by them, and it is often difficult for candidates to understand them. To correctly determine these views and attitudes, we should pay attention to four points. 1. The historical theory cannot leave the historical facts, and the dialogue between the figures cannot leave the language environment. Therefore, the judgment must be based on the overall reading, and must not be taken out of context. 2. Pay attention to the hidden information, understand the subtext of these arguments, hear the sounds outside the strings, and find out their essence. 3. We must pay attention to comparative discrimination. This includes the comparison of viewpoints in the dialogues of the figures, and the comparison of viewpoints of the historians. It also includes the comparison of various viewpoints in the elective limbs. 4. To be good at substituting for reduction, replace the initial judgement with the correct choice of limbs into the original text to see if it meets the meaning of the text and finalize it.