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目的评价不同干预方式在我市中学生结核病健康教育中的应用效果。方法随机选取临沂市6所中学学校600名中学生作为本研究调查对象,对其采取不同的健康教育方式,之后进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果 6所学校共600名学生参与本次调查,其中成功收回并判定有效调查问卷568份,有效应答率为94.67%。其中男性被调查者300名,女性被调查者268名。初中学历被调查者260名,高中学历被调查者308例。独生子女228名,非独生子女340名。健康教育干预后,试验组中学生对结核病防治知识的知晓率为89.5%高于对照组未干预的32.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=197,P<0.05)。实施综合干预方式进行健康教育的中学生结核病防治相关知识知晓率为96.3%明显高于普通干预组的83.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.060,P<0.05)。在实施干预措施前,3组中学生对结核病防治知识相关态度及行为无明显差异(P>0.05)。干预后,普通干预组及综合干预组学生对表中列举5个问题的知晓及预防行为明显提升,且综合干预组学生对结核病防治知识的知晓及预防行为均优于普通干预组(P<0.05),而对照组干预前后中学生对结核病防治知识态度及行为无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论在中学生结核病健康教育中采用综合干预的方式可取得良好效果,且采用多种形式的讲座教育更容易被广大中学生接受。
Objective To evaluate the effect of different interventions on tuberculosis health education in middle school students in our city. Methods Sixty-six middle school students from six middle schools in Linyi were randomly selected as the subjects of the study. Different health education methods were adopted for them. After that, questionnaires were conducted and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 600 students from 6 schools participated in the survey. Among them, 568 valid questionnaires were successfully recovered and the effective response rate was 94.67%. Among them, there are 300 male respondents and 268 female respondents. There were 260 junior high school educated respondents and 308 senior high school educated respondents. 228 only children, 340 non-only children. After health education intervention, the awareness rate of TB prevention and control among middle school students in the experimental group was 89.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (32.7%) (χ ~ 2 = 197, P <0.05). The awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control among middle school students who implemented comprehensive intervention was 96.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the general intervention group (χ ~ 2 = 18.060, P <0.05). Before the implementation of interventions, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) among the three groups of middle school students about the attitude and behavior of tuberculosis prevention and control knowledge. After the intervention, the students in the general intervention group and the comprehensive intervention group improved their knowledge and prevention of the five problems listed in the table, and the students in the comprehensive intervention group were better than the common intervention group in knowledge of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (P <0.05) ), While there was no significant difference in attitude and behavior of TB control among middle school students before and after intervention in control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion The method of comprehensive intervention in tuberculosis health education of middle school students can achieve good results, and the adoption of various forms of lecture education is more likely to be accepted by the majority of middle school students.