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本文通过长期现场观测与实验,提出符合煤炭系统第三纪松软岩层的定性、定量指标以及工程分类方法。依据围岩变形特征,进行了新型支护方法的工程试验,经过现场长期考验及立体模拟试验的检验取得了满意的效果。松软岩层系指强度低、孔隙率大、胶结程度低、受构造面切割及风化影响显著或含有大量易膨胀粘土类矿物的岩层。松软岩层的物理力学特性主要有三;崩解性——由于浸水而发生解体;膨胀性——遇水体积胀大,内压增加,强度降低;触变性——当岩体受到爆破、震动、搅拌、超声波等外力作用的影响,会产生“液化”,固体状态转化为悬液状态。这种怕水、怕风化、怕震动的特性给地下工程的施工带来许多困难。
Through long-term on-site observations and experiments, this paper presents qualitative and quantitative indexes and engineering classification methods that are in line with the Tertiary soft-rock formations in the coal system. According to the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock, a new type of engineering test of supporting method was carried out. Satisfactory results were obtained after long-term test and three-dimensional simulation test on site. Soft rock means a rock with low strength, large porosity, low degree of cementation, significant cutting or weathering effects on the structure surface or a large amount of expansive clay minerals. The physical and mechanical properties of soft rock formations are mainly three; disintegration - disintegration due to flooding; swelling - swollen with water volume, the internal pressure increases, the strength decreases; thixotropy - when the rock mass is blasting, vibration, stirring , Ultrasound and other external forces, will have a “liquefaction”, the solid state into a suspension state. This fear of water, fear of weathering, fear of vibration of the underground construction project to bring many difficulties.