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基于三维有限元法建模,对转向架弹簧的刚度和支撑圈接触条件下的应力进行计算分析。结果表明:分析结果与静应力测试结果相近,转K2外簧静强度满足设计要求;支撑圈与相邻工作圈接触不仅使弹簧的最大应力有所增大,而且在加载过程中接触应力和最大应力随着支撑圈接触面积的变化而变化,因此在制造过程中应控制支撑圈的间隙。采用有限元法可快速获得弹簧的刚度和弹性特性曲线,克服了以往通过试验测试弹簧刚度所带来的周期长、费用高等缺点。弹簧疲劳寿命初步估算表明:不考虑弹簧强化处理的影响,弹簧的疲劳寿命约为2.55×106次;采用喷丸等强化处理工艺并在提高弹簧20%的疲劳强度情况下,弹簧的疲劳寿命为8.9×106次。
Based on the 3D finite element method, the stiffness of the bogie spring and the stress under the contact condition of the support ring were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the results of the analysis are in good agreement with the results of the static stress test. The static strength of K2 turns to meet the design requirements. The contact between the support ring and the adjacent work ring not only increases the maximum stress of the spring but also increases the contact stress The stress varies with the contact area of the support ring, so the gap of the support ring should be controlled during the manufacturing process. The finite element method can quickly obtain the stiffness and elastic characteristic curve of the spring, which overcomes the shortcoming of long period and high expense caused by the spring stiffness tested in the past. Spring fatigue life of the preliminary estimates show that: do not consider the impact of spring reinforcement, spring fatigue life of about 2.55 × 106 times; using shot peening and other strengthening processes and to improve the spring 20% fatigue strength, the spring fatigue life of 8.9 × 106 times.