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During the visit by Russian President Dmitri Medvedev to China in September 2010, the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)and Gazprom signed a "Protocol on Basic Conditions of Natural Gas Supply to China" covering Russian natural gas supply to China through the western pipelines. Detailed contracts will be signed by both sides before the middle of 2011. This demonstrates that Sino-Russian natural gas cooperation is now moving ahead, and entering the final stage of long and hard negotiations. Closer Sino-Russian cooperation in this field arises not only from the actions of the governments and relevant corporations of the two countries in seeking to identify and secure their common interests,but also from changes in international natural gas distribution brought about by technological advances and from a changed international market.Both China and Russia should take advantage of this opportunity to make substantial progress in bilateral cooperation on natural gas supplies.