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随着商品经济的不断进步和发展,近年来,人们的生活品质不断提高,随之而来也出现了一些问题,如食品药品安全问题、生态环境污染问题、消费者权益受到侵害的问题,这些问题侵害的不仅仅是个体的利益,更多是侵害到众多消费者、甚至是公共利益层面上。然后当公共利益受到侵害后,是很难通过司法途径得到救济的。因此,如何保护大多数弱势群体的合法利益及公共利益不受违法行为的侵害,已经形成了新的所应探讨的问题,以此为目标的民事公益诉讼也在近年来逐渐兴起。然后相应的法律法规并随之更新。关于能够提起公益诉讼的主体,依《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第五十五条之规,仅限于法律规定的机关和有关组织有权向人民法院提起诉讼。大家熟知的只有消费者保护协会和中华环保协会有权代表消费者及因环境污染而导致公共利益受到损害的行为而向人民法院提起公益诉讼。直至2015年7月1日,第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通过决定:授权最高人民检察院在生态环境和资源保护、国有资产保护、国有土地使用权出让、食品药品安全等领域开展提起公益的权力。试点地区包括北京、内蒙古、福建在内的十三个省、自治区。2015年12月16日,最高检颁布了《人民检察院提起公益诉讼试点工作实施办法》,赋予地方各级检察机关在以上试点地区提起公益诉讼的权力。
With the constant progress and development of the commodity economy, in recent years, the quality of life of the people has been continuously improved. As a result, problems have emerged such as food and drug safety issues, ecological and environmental pollution problems, and consumer rights and interests. These problems The problem is not only infringed upon the interests of individuals but also infringes upon many consumers and even the public interest. Then when the public interest has been violated, it is very difficult to obtain relief through judicial channels. Therefore, how to protect the legitimate interests of the most vulnerable groups and the public interests from being violated by illegal acts has brought about new problems that should be explored. As a result, civil public interest litigation with this goal has also been gradually emerging in recent years. Then the corresponding laws and regulations and subsequent updates. As for the entities that can bring public interest litigation, according to the “Article 55 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China”, organs and related organizations that are limited by law only have the right to institute legal proceedings in the people’s courts. It is well-known that only the Consumer Protection Association and the China Environmental Protection Association have the right to bring public interest litigation to people’s courts on behalf of consumers and the public interest being harmed due to environmental pollution. Until July 1, 2015, the twelfth session of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee adopted the fifteenth meeting of the decision: the Supreme People’s Procuratorate authorized the protection of ecological environment and resources, the protection of state-owned assets, the transfer of state-owned land use rights, food and drug safety And other areas to carry out the right to raise public interest. Pilot areas include Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Fujian, including 13 provinces and autonomous regions. On December 16, 2015, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate promulgated the Measures for the Pilot Procedure of Public Interest Litigation Held by the People’s Procuratorate, giving the procuratorial organs at all levels the power to initiate public interest litigation in the above pilot areas.