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西湖的荷花又开了。夏日赏荷为杭州人一大趣事。西湖荷花的历史可以上溯千年，这从古代诗人们留下的篇章中可以知道。
北宋柳永（984年—1053年），字耆卿，因排行第七，又称柳七，崇安人，著名词人。他写有《望海潮》，描绘杭州“有三秋桂子，十里荷花”。
北宋宋祁（998年—1061年），字子京，安州安陆人，进士出身，曾任翰林学士、史馆修撰，与欧阳修等合修《新唐书》。他写有《忆与唐公游西湖》：
荷花深处放舟行，
棹触荷珠碎又成。
莫道使君迷醉曲，
分明认得采莲声。
此诗大意为，小船穿行在荷叶连天、荷花盛开的西湖中，船桨触碰到荷叶，荷叶上的水珠散了又聚。是什么曲子让您如此沉醉，原来是采莲姑娘的歌声。
北宋文同（1018年—1079年），字与可，号笑笑居士，永泰县人，进士出身，曾任多地知州。他与苏轼是表兄弟，写有《西湖荷花》：
红苞绿叶共低昂，
满眼寒波映碧光。
应是西风拘管得，
是人须与一襟香。
南宋于石（1250年—？），字介翁，号紫岩，兰溪人，宋亡后，隐居不出。他写有《西湖荷花有感》：
我昔扁舟泛湖去，
四望荷花浩无数。
谁家画舫倚红妆，
笑声逈入花深处。
笙歌凄咽水云寒，
花色似嫌脂粉污。
夜深人静月明中，
方识荷花有真趣。
水天倒浸碧琉璃，
净质芳姿澹相顾。
亭亭翠盖拥群仙，
轻风微颤凌波步。
酒晕潮红浅渥唇，
肤如凝脂腰束素。
一捻香骨薄裁冰，
半破芳心娇泣露。
湖光花气满衣襟，
月落波寒浸香雾。
恍然人在蕊珠宫，
便欲移家临水住。
回首落日低黄尘，
十年不到湖山路。
花开花落几秋风，
湖上青山自如故。
南宋萧澥写有《写林和靖梅花诗后》：
西湖幽处卧烟霞，
湖里荷花匝四涯。
何事先生得佳句，
荷花却不似梅花。
此诗大意为，西湖孤山幽静而薄雾似烟霞，环绕孤山的湖面上四处盛开着荷花。因为什么事情，才使得先生您写出不像赏梅那样的赏荷佳句？
由此诗我们可以知道，当时环绕孤山的湖面上四处盛开着荷花，这与杨万里诗中描写的孤山荷花相似。可见从北宋到南宋，孤山荷花的格局基本没有变，孤山不仅仅只有梅花。
南宋范成大（1126年—1193年），字至能，吴县人，进士出身，曾任礼部员外郎兼崇政殿说书等职，写有《己丑五月被召至行在，遇周畏知司直，和五年》：
分袂悠悠尔许年，
莫嗔蓬鬓两萧然。
酒槽不奈青春老，
经笥空供白昼眠。
暗绿千章新活计，
软红三尺旧尘缘。
相逢且作西湖客，
山绕荷花舣画船。
明唐寅（1470年—1523年），字伯虎，吴县人，一字子畏，明代著名画家，与祝枝山、文徵明、周文宾并称“江南四大才子”。他写有《登吴王郊台作》：
昔人筑此不论程，
今日牛羊向上行。
吴儿越女齐声唱，
菱叶荷花无数生。
南山含雨眉俱润，
西湖映日掌同平。
本由萬感销非易，
讵言哀乐过群情。
西湖荷花不少，哪里最有名？大家都知道是曲院风荷。曲院风荷在苏堤之右，靠北山路，为西湖十景之一，以夏日里观风中之荷而著名。
其实，现在的“曲院风荷”，南宋时称“曲院荷风”。“曲院”本来是一家酿制官酒的作坊，在如今的九里松东洪春桥一带。当时，金沙涧水在这里流入西湖，酿酒师傅取金沙涧水制曲酿酒，并在湖中种植大片荷花。初夏时节，清爽的湖风吹来，荷香伴着酒香，那是别有一番风味。
顺便说一句，酒曲酿酒，是指经过蒸煮的白米中，拌入曲霉的分生孢子，然后保温，米粒上生长出的菌丝就是酒曲。在宋代，中国酒曲的种类和制造技术已经非常成熟，“曲院荷风”当时是官家管理酿酒的处所。
南宋汪元量（1241年—1317年），字大有，号水云，钱塘人，南宋宫廷琴师。他写的《西湖旧梦》，可以当作注解来读：
南高峰对北高峰，
十里荷花九里松。
烟雨楼台僧占了，
西湖风月属吾侬。
从诗中，我们可以得知南宋时此地荷花之盛、西湖水域之广。
清康熙年间，为迎接皇帝巡游，官府特地在苏堤跨虹桥畔的岳湖里引种荷花，增设水榭楼台，并请人弹奏秦汉古曲。康熙赏荷听曲，欣然题字“曲院风荷”。咸丰末年，“曲院风荷”毁于兵火。1980年起，从原有的“曲院风荷”，沿岳湖延伸到杨公堤卧龙桥畔的郭庄，扩建成一个占地面积达四百二十六亩的新景区，成为现今最负盛名的西湖赏荷地。
（作者系杭州市政协智库专家、杭州文史专家）
Lotus Flowers in Summer Breeze
By Sima Yimin
Summer. It is that time of the year again， when miles upon miles of lotus flowers are in full bloom in the West Lake. It is also great fun and an unofficial tradition for Hangzhou resident to enjoy and appreciate these lotus flowers. The history of the lotus flowers in the West Lake can be traced back to a thousand years ago， as can be seen in the writings of ancient poets. Liu Yong （984-1053）， born in Chongan （in present-day Fujian）， was a well-known Northern Song （960-1127） poet. He established a name in the entertainment quarters in Kaifeng， the capital of the Northern Song， where he composed songs for the sing-song girls. Liu was known for his adoption of colloquialism in his Ci poems， which was criticized by some as “vulgar”. In his Ci poem “To the Tune of ‘Watching the Tidal Bore’”， he said that Hangzhou boasted “fragrant osmanthus flowers in late autumn， blooming lotus flowers for miles upon miles”.
Song Qi （998-1061）， another Northern Song poet and co-author of the New History of the Tang， crooned in his poem “Reminiscing the West Lake Travels with Tanggong” how his friend was mesmerized by the lotus flowers：
A boat moves forward deep into the lotuses，
Water droplets break and regroup on the leaves.
For what melody are you so enchanted？
Ah， it must the song from the lotus-gathering girls.
Apart from them， other Song poets such as Wen Tong （1018-1079）， who happened to be a cousin of Su Shi’s （1037-1101）， Yu Shi （1250-？） and Fan Chengda （1126-1193）， also penned memorable poems on lotus flowers in the West Lake. Tang Yin （1470-1523）， a Ming （1368-1644） poet， also loved the scenery， writing “The sons of Wu and the daughters of Yue sing in chorus， with endless water caltrop leaves and lotus flowers in the West Lake.”
While there are tons of lotus flowers in West Lake， where are the most famous to be found？ The answer， as almost everyone agrees， is the Quyuan Fenghe or “Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Winding Garden”， one of the “Ten Sceneries of the West Lake”. Located on the right of the Su Causeway， “Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Winding Garden is best known as a place for appreciating lotus flowers in the breeze – hence the name – in the summer.
Quyuan or the Winding Garden used to be an official brewery， near which a brook called Jinsha Brook （literally “Golden Sand” Brook） flew in the West Lake. The winemakers would take water from the brook， distilling it before making wine， and they also planted large swathes of lotus in the lake. In early summer， when lake breeze blew over， the fragrance of lotus flowers would mix with the aroma of wines， making it a special taste to savor. Indeed， in the Song dynasty， wine-distillation technologies in China were already quite advanced.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi （1654-1722） of the Qing dynasty （1616-1911）， to welcome the emperor for his southern tours， the local government specially planted lotus flowers in the Yue Lake， which is part of the West Lake right beside the Su Causeway， built a waterside pavilion， and asked performers to play ancient music tunes. As Emperor Kangxi enjoyed the lotus flowers the music very much， he happily inscribed the four Chinese characters Qu Yuan Feng He on the pavilion. At the end of reign of Emperor Xianfeng （1831-1861）， it was destroyed amid wars. Since 1980， the original Quyuan Fenghe has gradually expanded into a new scenic area covering 426 mu （or a little over 70 acres）， and become the most famed spot around the West Lake to appreciate lotus flowers.
北宋柳永（984年—1053年），字耆卿，因排行第七，又称柳七，崇安人，著名词人。他写有《望海潮》，描绘杭州“有三秋桂子，十里荷花”。
北宋宋祁（998年—1061年），字子京，安州安陆人，进士出身，曾任翰林学士、史馆修撰，与欧阳修等合修《新唐书》。他写有《忆与唐公游西湖》：
荷花深处放舟行，
棹触荷珠碎又成。
莫道使君迷醉曲，
分明认得采莲声。
此诗大意为，小船穿行在荷叶连天、荷花盛开的西湖中，船桨触碰到荷叶，荷叶上的水珠散了又聚。是什么曲子让您如此沉醉，原来是采莲姑娘的歌声。
北宋文同（1018年—1079年），字与可，号笑笑居士，永泰县人，进士出身，曾任多地知州。他与苏轼是表兄弟，写有《西湖荷花》：
红苞绿叶共低昂，
满眼寒波映碧光。
应是西风拘管得，
是人须与一襟香。
南宋于石（1250年—？），字介翁，号紫岩，兰溪人，宋亡后，隐居不出。他写有《西湖荷花有感》：
我昔扁舟泛湖去，
四望荷花浩无数。
谁家画舫倚红妆，
笑声逈入花深处。
笙歌凄咽水云寒，
花色似嫌脂粉污。
夜深人静月明中，
方识荷花有真趣。
水天倒浸碧琉璃，
净质芳姿澹相顾。
亭亭翠盖拥群仙，
轻风微颤凌波步。
酒晕潮红浅渥唇，
肤如凝脂腰束素。
一捻香骨薄裁冰，
半破芳心娇泣露。
湖光花气满衣襟，
月落波寒浸香雾。
恍然人在蕊珠宫，
便欲移家临水住。
回首落日低黄尘，
十年不到湖山路。
花开花落几秋风，
湖上青山自如故。
南宋萧澥写有《写林和靖梅花诗后》：
西湖幽处卧烟霞，
湖里荷花匝四涯。
何事先生得佳句，
荷花却不似梅花。
此诗大意为，西湖孤山幽静而薄雾似烟霞，环绕孤山的湖面上四处盛开着荷花。因为什么事情，才使得先生您写出不像赏梅那样的赏荷佳句？
由此诗我们可以知道，当时环绕孤山的湖面上四处盛开着荷花，这与杨万里诗中描写的孤山荷花相似。可见从北宋到南宋，孤山荷花的格局基本没有变，孤山不仅仅只有梅花。
南宋范成大（1126年—1193年），字至能，吴县人，进士出身，曾任礼部员外郎兼崇政殿说书等职，写有《己丑五月被召至行在，遇周畏知司直，和五年》：
分袂悠悠尔许年，
莫嗔蓬鬓两萧然。
酒槽不奈青春老，
经笥空供白昼眠。
暗绿千章新活计，
软红三尺旧尘缘。
相逢且作西湖客，
山绕荷花舣画船。
明唐寅（1470年—1523年），字伯虎，吴县人，一字子畏，明代著名画家，与祝枝山、文徵明、周文宾并称“江南四大才子”。他写有《登吴王郊台作》：
昔人筑此不论程，
今日牛羊向上行。
吴儿越女齐声唱，
菱叶荷花无数生。
南山含雨眉俱润，
西湖映日掌同平。
本由萬感销非易，
讵言哀乐过群情。
西湖荷花不少，哪里最有名？大家都知道是曲院风荷。曲院风荷在苏堤之右，靠北山路，为西湖十景之一，以夏日里观风中之荷而著名。
其实，现在的“曲院风荷”，南宋时称“曲院荷风”。“曲院”本来是一家酿制官酒的作坊，在如今的九里松东洪春桥一带。当时，金沙涧水在这里流入西湖，酿酒师傅取金沙涧水制曲酿酒，并在湖中种植大片荷花。初夏时节，清爽的湖风吹来，荷香伴着酒香，那是别有一番风味。
顺便说一句，酒曲酿酒，是指经过蒸煮的白米中，拌入曲霉的分生孢子，然后保温，米粒上生长出的菌丝就是酒曲。在宋代，中国酒曲的种类和制造技术已经非常成熟，“曲院荷风”当时是官家管理酿酒的处所。
南宋汪元量（1241年—1317年），字大有，号水云，钱塘人，南宋宫廷琴师。他写的《西湖旧梦》，可以当作注解来读：
南高峰对北高峰，
十里荷花九里松。
烟雨楼台僧占了，
西湖风月属吾侬。
从诗中，我们可以得知南宋时此地荷花之盛、西湖水域之广。
清康熙年间，为迎接皇帝巡游，官府特地在苏堤跨虹桥畔的岳湖里引种荷花，增设水榭楼台，并请人弹奏秦汉古曲。康熙赏荷听曲，欣然题字“曲院风荷”。咸丰末年，“曲院风荷”毁于兵火。1980年起，从原有的“曲院风荷”，沿岳湖延伸到杨公堤卧龙桥畔的郭庄，扩建成一个占地面积达四百二十六亩的新景区，成为现今最负盛名的西湖赏荷地。
（作者系杭州市政协智库专家、杭州文史专家）
Lotus Flowers in Summer Breeze
By Sima Yimin
Summer. It is that time of the year again， when miles upon miles of lotus flowers are in full bloom in the West Lake. It is also great fun and an unofficial tradition for Hangzhou resident to enjoy and appreciate these lotus flowers. The history of the lotus flowers in the West Lake can be traced back to a thousand years ago， as can be seen in the writings of ancient poets. Liu Yong （984-1053）， born in Chongan （in present-day Fujian）， was a well-known Northern Song （960-1127） poet. He established a name in the entertainment quarters in Kaifeng， the capital of the Northern Song， where he composed songs for the sing-song girls. Liu was known for his adoption of colloquialism in his Ci poems， which was criticized by some as “vulgar”. In his Ci poem “To the Tune of ‘Watching the Tidal Bore’”， he said that Hangzhou boasted “fragrant osmanthus flowers in late autumn， blooming lotus flowers for miles upon miles”.
Song Qi （998-1061）， another Northern Song poet and co-author of the New History of the Tang， crooned in his poem “Reminiscing the West Lake Travels with Tanggong” how his friend was mesmerized by the lotus flowers：
A boat moves forward deep into the lotuses，
Water droplets break and regroup on the leaves.
For what melody are you so enchanted？
Ah， it must the song from the lotus-gathering girls.
Apart from them， other Song poets such as Wen Tong （1018-1079）， who happened to be a cousin of Su Shi’s （1037-1101）， Yu Shi （1250-？） and Fan Chengda （1126-1193）， also penned memorable poems on lotus flowers in the West Lake. Tang Yin （1470-1523）， a Ming （1368-1644） poet， also loved the scenery， writing “The sons of Wu and the daughters of Yue sing in chorus， with endless water caltrop leaves and lotus flowers in the West Lake.”
While there are tons of lotus flowers in West Lake， where are the most famous to be found？ The answer， as almost everyone agrees， is the Quyuan Fenghe or “Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Winding Garden”， one of the “Ten Sceneries of the West Lake”. Located on the right of the Su Causeway， “Breeze-ruffled Lotus at Winding Garden is best known as a place for appreciating lotus flowers in the breeze – hence the name – in the summer.
Quyuan or the Winding Garden used to be an official brewery， near which a brook called Jinsha Brook （literally “Golden Sand” Brook） flew in the West Lake. The winemakers would take water from the brook， distilling it before making wine， and they also planted large swathes of lotus in the lake. In early summer， when lake breeze blew over， the fragrance of lotus flowers would mix with the aroma of wines， making it a special taste to savor. Indeed， in the Song dynasty， wine-distillation technologies in China were already quite advanced.
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi （1654-1722） of the Qing dynasty （1616-1911）， to welcome the emperor for his southern tours， the local government specially planted lotus flowers in the Yue Lake， which is part of the West Lake right beside the Su Causeway， built a waterside pavilion， and asked performers to play ancient music tunes. As Emperor Kangxi enjoyed the lotus flowers the music very much， he happily inscribed the four Chinese characters Qu Yuan Feng He on the pavilion. At the end of reign of Emperor Xianfeng （1831-1861）， it was destroyed amid wars. Since 1980， the original Quyuan Fenghe has gradually expanded into a new scenic area covering 426 mu （or a little over 70 acres）， and become the most famed spot around the West Lake to appreciate lotus flowers.