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静电纺丝法是制备超细/纳米纤维的一种有效方法。相对于研究已经较为深入广泛的溶液电纺,熔体电纺还处于研究的初级阶段。但其原料适用性广、无毒无污染及产品转化率高等特点,使其在过滤、生物医药等领域有着广阔的应用前景。同时,熔体电纺也存在装置较复杂、纤维直径较粗等缺陷。本文介绍了目前熔体电纺的各典型装置,总结了用于熔体电纺的聚合物种类、实验工艺,比较了各种聚合物纺丝过程中的参数对纤维物化性质的影响,探讨了熔体电纺纤维的应用,并对其发展方向进行了预测和展望。
Electrospinning is an effective method to prepare ultrafine / nanofibers. Relative to the research has been more extensive solution electrospinning, melt electrospinning is still in the early stages of research. But its wide applicability of raw materials, non-toxic and pollution-free and high product conversion rate, so that it has broad application prospects in filtration, biomedicine and other fields. At the same time, the melt electrospinning device also exists more complicated, thicker fiber diameter and other defects. In this paper, we introduce the typical devices of melt electrospinning, summarize the types of polymers used in electrospinning and experimental techniques, and compare the influence of the parameters on the physico-chemical properties of various fibers during the spinning process. The application of melt electrospinning fiber, and forecast its development direction.