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甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)和磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMZ)1:5之合剂,国外称Abactrim,Bactrim,Eusaprim,Septrin或Septran。TMP的作用机制和磺胺药相辅相成。联合应用时可使细菌的叶酸代谢遭到双重阻断。鉴于这二种药的药理性能如吸收、血浓度高峰到达时间、排泄等方面基本相同,因此国内外均选择二者作为合剂。(TMP-SMZ合剂,亦称“增效磺胺”)供临床应用。本合剂的主要适应症为呼吸道感染、尿路感染、伤寒、革兰氏阴性杆菌(绿脓杆菌除外)、败血症等,其他可以考虑采用本合剂者为婴儿腹泻、肠道感染、链球菌感染、金葡菌(对TMP及SMZ均敏感者)感染、急性中耳炎、布鲁氏菌病、肠道杆菌脑膜炎和心内膜炎、淋病等。本合剂的副作用:见于磺胺药的各种副作用均可发生于应用本合剂的患者,最多见者为皮疹(12％)。其他尚有恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛等,血液方面的变化如白细胞减少、血小板减少等见于0.5％
Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) 1: 5 mixture, Abactrim abroad, Bactrim, Eusaprim, Septrin or Septran. TMP mechanism of action and sulfa drugs complement each other. When used in combination, bacterial folic acid metabolism is double-blocked. In view of the pharmacological properties of these two drugs such as absorption, peak blood concentration peak arrival time, excretion, etc. are basically the same, so both at home and abroad have chosen both as a mixture. (TMP-SMZ mixture, also known as “synergistic sulfa”) for clinical use. The main indications of this combination are respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, typhoid fever, gram-negative bacilli (except Pseudomonas aeruginosa), septicemia, etc. Others may consider using this mixture as infant diarrhea, intestinal infection, streptococcal infection, Staphylococcus aureus (susceptible to both TMP and SMZ), acute otitis media, brucellosis, enterobacter meningitis and endocarditis, gonorrhea. The side effects of this combination: See various side effects of sulfa drugs can occur in patients with this combination of patients, the most common are rashes (12%). Other nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, blood changes such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, etc. found in 0.5%