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经济学的研究对象是人的经济行为和社会的经济规律,因此,对人性有什么样的假设,就会产生什么样的经济学。“经济人”假设是经济学对人性的高度概括,是经济学的逻辑前提,被称为经济学的“阿基米德基点”。但传统经济学对它做了教条化和绝对化的理解,仅仅研究在资源稀缺条件下静态的、孤立的个人选择,导致了“经济学帝国主义”及对现实中人的经济行为解释力的疲弱。新古典经济学的症结就在于对人性的理解过于单一,没有看到人性是丰富的,并且是在历史中演进着的。因此,经济学必须实现新的转向,从研究既定制度前提下的“稀缺资源的最优配置问题”转向对人类的合作与冲突机制的研究。新制度经济学、演化经济学、实验经济学的发展昭示着经济学新的发展趋势。
The object of study of economics is the economic behavior of the people and the economic laws of the society. Therefore, what kind of economics can be produced when there is any assumptions about human nature? The hypothesis of “economic man” is a highly generalization of human nature by economics. It is the logical premise of economics and is called the “Archimedes” of economics. However, traditional economics did make a dogmatic and absolute understanding of it and only studied static and isolated individual choices under the conditions of scarce resources, which led to the interpretation of “economic imperialism” and the economic behavior of people in reality The weakness of strength. The crux of neoclassical economics lies in the overly simplistic understanding of human nature, its failure to see that human nature is abundant and evolved in history. Therefore, economics must realize a new turn from the “optimal allocation of scarce resources” under the precondition of the established system to a study of the mechanism of human cooperation and conflict. The new institutional economics, evolutionary economics, experimental economics shows the new trends in economics.