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置盐信雄(1927-2003)是日本著名的马克思主义经济学家、马克思主义数理经济学派的代表人物。生前长期执教于神户大学。1961年,他在《神户大学经济评论》(英文版)上发表了“技术变革与利润率”一文,提出了后来被称为“置盐定理”(Okishio Theorem)的观点。和马克思的利润率下降规律相反,该定理认为,除非实际工资率有足够高的上升,否则由资本家引进的技术创新不会降低一般利润率;基本品行业的技术创新会提高一般利润率,而非基本品行业的创新对一般利润率水平没有影响。该文发表后,在国际学术界引起了热烈的争论。半个世纪过去了,“置盐定理”所引发的争论一直没有停歇,并和价值转形问题一样,成为马克思主义数理经济学中的重要争论之一。近年来,国内数理政治经济学界对价值转形问题的研究倾注了很大精力,也取得了不少有价值的成果。但令人遗憾的是,“置盐定理”以及相关争论却一直乏人问津。我们组织翻译此文,旨在唤起学术界同仁对此问题的研究兴趣,借以推动国内数理政治经济学的全面均衡的发展。
Set salt Shin-Hsiung (1927-2003) is a famous Japanese Marxist economist, Marxist mathematical school of economic figures. During his lifetime taught at Kobe University. In 1961, he published a paper titled “Technological Change and Profitability” in the Kobe University Economic Review (English version), proposing what was subsequently called the “Okishio Theorem.” Contrary to Marx’s law of declining profitability, the theorem holds that technological innovations introduced by capitalists will not reduce general profit margins unless the real wage rate rises sufficiently high; technological innovations in the basic goods industry will raise general profit margins, whereas Innovation in the non-basic goods industry has no effect on the general level of profitability. After the publication of the article, there has been a heated debate in the international academic community. Half a century has passed. The controversy triggered by the theory of “salt settling” has not stopped and, like the issue of value transformation, has become one of the major debates in mathematical economics of Marxism. In recent years, the domestic mathematical political economy circles devoted a great deal of energy to the research on the issue of value transformation and has also made a lot of valuable achievements. However, it is regrettable that “Salt Theory” and the related controversy have been lacking in human interest. We organize the translation of this article to arouse the academic colleagues in this issue of interest in research in order to promote a comprehensive and balanced development of mathematical and political economy in China.