中国基层治理成效显著,但也越来越面临难以解决的复杂矛盾,这严重影响了基层治理向纵深发展。究其因,思维方式的一元化、简单化和矛盾性恐怕是主要的。要改变这一状况,辩证理解中国基层治理复杂关系最为迫切和必要,这包括要处理好如下关系:政府推动与基层自治、干部下乡与基层干部再造、县级组织与乡镇村级组织、村居党支部与村居委员会。只有辩证理解中国基层复杂关系,才能跳出狭小视域,打破固化格局,突破既成观念,进入一个科学发展的新天地和新境界。 China’s grassroots governance has achieved remarkable results, but it is also increasingly faced with complex contradictions that are difficult to be solved. This has seriously affected the further development of grassroots governance. The reason, the way of thinking of the unity, simplification and contradiction is probably the main. To change this situation, it is most urgent and necessary to dialectically understand the complicated relations between grassroots governance in China. This includes dealing with the following relations: The government promotes cooperation with grassroots self-government, cadres going to the countryside and grassroots cadres to rebuild, county-level organizations and township and village-level organizations, villages Habitat Party branch and village committee. Only by understanding dialectically the complicated relations between grassroots levels in China can we break out of the narrow perspective, break down the solidification pattern, break the established concept and enter a new world and new realm of scientific development.