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植物与土壤微生物互作及其反馈影响自然界植物群落的竞争性演替。为了明确土壤微生物在我国恶性入侵植物紫茎泽兰传入定殖后迅速竞争性扩张中的作用,通过接种植物根际微生物(紫茎泽兰和本地植物的根际土壤分别进行灭菌处理、添加杀真菌剂处理和无处理(对照))的盆栽法,比较了土壤微生物对紫茎泽兰和2种本地植物(林泽兰和狗尾草)的生长反馈效应。结果显示,根际土壤微生物对3种植物的生长均产生正反馈,紫茎泽兰、林泽兰和狗尾草在添加杀真菌剂处理或灭菌处理的生物量均比对照显著下降。林泽兰和狗尾草的根系AMF侵染率在对照的紫茎泽兰土壤和本地植物土壤中没有显著差异;但在添加杀真菌剂处理后,林泽兰和狗尾草的根系AMF侵染率在紫茎泽兰土壤中比在本地植物土壤中分别高出81.02%和89.7%,说明紫茎泽兰土壤的真菌具有更强的正反馈作用。磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)分析土壤微生物群落多样性和功能微生物丰度的结果显示,入侵植物紫茎泽兰土壤和本地植物土壤的土壤微生物群落存在显著差异。综合推断认为,紫茎泽兰入侵后改变了土壤微生物群落结构,从而产生更有利于自身生长的正反馈,进而进一步促进了竞争性扩张。
Interaction between Plant and Soil Microorganisms and Their Feedback Affect the Competitive Succession of Plant Communities in Nature. In order to clarify the role of soil microorganisms in the rapid competitive expansion after the invasive invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum in China, the rhizosphere microbes were inoculated into the rhizosphere soils of E. adenophorum and local plants respectively for sterilization. Pot culture with addition of fungicide and no treatment (control)), the growth response of soil microorganisms to Eupatorium adenophorum and two native plants (Zeeland and Setaria viridis) was compared. The results showed that rhizosphere soil microorganisms had a positive feedback on the growth of all three species of plants. The biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum, Lin Ze - lan and Setaria viridis treated with fungicides or sterilized decreased significantly compared with that of the control. AMF infection rates in roots of Zeeland and Setaria viridis did not differ significantly between the control Eupatorium adenophorum and native plant soils. However, the AMF infection rates in roots of Zeelandia amurensis and Setaria viridis were significantly higher in A. adenophora soil Which were 81.02% and 89.7% higher than that of native plant soil respectively, which indicated that the fungi in E. adenophorum soil had a stronger positive feedback. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis of soil microbial community diversity and functional microbial abundance results show that there are significant differences in soil microbial communities of the invasive plants Eupatorium adenophorum soil and native plant soil. In conclusion, we conclude that the invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum changes soil microbial community structure, resulting in a positive feedback that is more conducive to its own growth, thus further promoting competitive expansion.