论文部分内容阅读
本文是我国黄淮棉区棉花品种遗传改良和系列研究之一 ,目的在于探讨建国以来我国黄淮棉区棉花品种在产量和产量组分性状 (株铃数、铃重、衣分 )上的遗传改良成效。对不同历史时期 10个代表性品种 2年 5点的试验资料和 30多年的区域试验资料的研究表明 ,建国以来 ,我国黄淮棉区棉花品种产量性状的遗传改良成效显著 ,品种的产量潜力以每年 8.0 0 kg/ hm2的速度增长 ,1950～ 1994年间皮棉单产平均年增长速率为 16.14kg/ hm2 ,品种改良的实际贡献在 30 %以上 ;近期育成的品种比早期品种产量提高 68.69% ,株铃数提高 2 .4个 /株 ,衣分提高 5% ,铃重变化不明显 ;现在品种产量的提高主要通过提高株铃数和衣分来实现 ;在不同的育种阶段 ,产量组分 (铃数、铃重、衣分 )对产量的贡献不同 ,这种变化反映出我国建国以来黄淮棉区育种策略和选择重点的变化。在产量与产量组分性状关系中 ,铃重、株铃数和衣分的负相关已逐步成为进一步提高产量的限制因素 ,需通过创造新的遗传群体等途径来解决。本文还就研究品种遗传改良的方法进行了讨论和评述。
This article is one of the genetic improvement and series of cotton varieties in the Huanghuai cotton area in our country. The purpose of this article is to discuss the inheritance of the cotton varieties in the Huang-Huai cotton area in the yield and yield component traits (number of bolls, boll weight, lint) Improve results. The research on the test data of 10 representative varieties at different periods in 2 years and 5 o’clock and the regional experimental data of more than 30 years shows that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the genetic improvement of cotton yield traits in the Huanghuai cotton area has been significantly improved. The yield potential The average annual growth rate of lint yield was 16.14kg / hm2 between 1950 and 1994, and the actual contribution of variety improvement was above 30%. The yield of the newly bred varieties increased 68.69% The number of bolls increased by 5% and the boll weight did not change obviously. The improvement of yield was mainly achieved by increasing the number of bolls and the lint percentage. At different breeding stages, the yield components (number of bolls , Boll weight, lint percentage) have different contribution to yield, and this change reflects the change of breeding strategy and selection key in Huanghuai cotton area since the founding of our country. In the relationship between yield and yield component traits, the negative correlation between boll weight, boll number and lint percentage has gradually become the limiting factor to further increase the yield, which needs to be solved by creating new genetic groups and other ways. This article also discussed and commented on the methods of studying genetic improvement of cultivars.