多年以来,我国史学界对李鸿章这一复杂历史人物的研究,一直停留在对其镇压农民起义与大搞投降外交的表层批判上,而忽视了李鸿章许多超越同时代人的进步思想与活动。本文试从对外开放的角度,将李鸿章的思想与活动,置于改革、开放和近代化这一宏观的历史背景下进行考察,以加深我们对李鸿章的全面认识。一近代中国的对外开放,是指从闭关锁国的愚昧状态中摆脱出来,敢于正视现实,勇于向西方发达资本主义国家学习、引进西方科学技术、机器设备、科技人才,积极与世 Over the years, the study of Li Hongzhang, a complicated historical figure in history in China, has remained at the superficial level of criticism of its suppression of peasant uprisings and surrender of diplomatic efforts while ignoring Li Hongzhang’s many progressive thinking and activities that transcend his contemporaries. This article attempts to examine the thinking and activities of Li Hongzhang under the macro-historical background of reform, opening up and modernization from the perspective of opening up to deepen our overall understanding of Li Hongzhang. A Modern China’s Opening-up to the Outside World means Breaking Through the Stupid State of the Closed-door Country, Daring to Face the Reality, Being Brave in Learning from the Western Developed Capitalist Countries, Introducing Western Science and Technology, Machinery and Equipment, and Scientific and Technological Talent and Actively Living with the World