目的　探讨平滑肌细胞对内皮细胞形态和增殖的影响 ,为内皮细胞种植的组织工程学提供理论基础。　方法　模拟血管壁的内层结构及内皮细胞平滑肌细胞间的相互影响途径 ,建立内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞联合培养的模型 ,应用形态学、细胞计数对内皮细胞的结构和增殖进行研究。　结果　联合培养的新内皮细胞呈伸长性生长 ,沿细胞长轴排列的微丝增多 ,增殖受抑制。　结论　内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞联合培养的新模型是目前研究这两种细胞间相互影响的最佳方式。联合培养的内皮细胞的形态结构更接近于在体生理状态 ,这一变化可能更有利于其抗应力功能的调节 Objective To investigate the effect of smooth muscle cells on the morphology and proliferation of endothelial cells and provide a theoretical basis for the tissue engineering of endothelial cells. Methods The inner structure of vascular wall and the interaction between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were simulated to establish a model of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells co-culture. Morphology and cell counting were used to study the structure and proliferation of endothelial cells. Results The newly cultured endothelial cells grew in an elongated manner. The number of microfilaments arranged along the long axis of the cells increased and the proliferation was inhibited. Conclusion The new model of co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells is the best way to study the interaction between these two kinds of cells. The morphological structure of co-cultured endothelial cells is closer to the in vivo physiological state, and this change may be more conducive to the regulation of its anti-stress function