本文着重阐述深式进水口的防冰问题。明渠引水式电站开敞式进水口的防冰问题由新疆的同志论述。鉴于东北地区河流结冰、解冻情况与西北地区河流情况差别很大,故本文对东北地区小型水电站开敞式进水口的防冰问题也予简单介绍。 一、深式进水口的防冰措施 东北、华北地区年降水量集中在6—9月份,冬、春季降水量很小。一些大中型水电站多高建坝,以便形成水库,蓄水发电。例如白山、水丰两个大型电站,坝高分别为146米和106米,库容分别为62亿立米及147亿立米。大型水电站进水口深埋水下,不会被冰凌冰块堵塞。中小型水电站的深式进水口,在正常年分被冰凌冰块堵塞的可能性也不大。只要进水口在最低水位下2—3米,就可安全运行(迂“武开江”,大小冰块,冰排顺流而下,堵塞河道,甚至出现冰坝的情况除外)。回龙山水电站多年运行情况可供参考。 This article focuses on the issue of anti-icing in deep water intakes. The anti-icing problem of open intake of open channel diversion power station is discussed by comrades in Xinjiang. In view of the freezing and thawing of rivers in northeastern China and the situation of rivers in northwestern China, the anti-icing problems of open intake of small hydropower stations in Northeast China are also briefly described. First, the deep-water inlet anti-icing measures Northeast, North China annual precipitation concentrated in June-September, winter and spring rainfall is small. Some large and medium-sized hydropower dam how high dam in order to form a reservoir, water storage power generation. For example, Baishan and Shuifeng have two large-scale power stations with dam height of 146m and 106m, respectively, with a capacity of 6.2 billion cubic meters and 14.7 billion cubic meters respectively. Large hydropower inlet deep buried underwater ice block will not be blocked. The deep water intakes of small and medium hydropower stations are not likely to be blocked by ice cubes in normal years. As long as the water inlet is 2-3 meters below the lowest water level, it can operate safely (bypassing the “Wukong River”, where ice and ice are discharged in large and small quantities, clogged rivers and even ice dams are excluded). Huilongshan hydropower station for years of operation for reference.