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解决中学物理运动学和动力学问题,选取参考系是一个重要环节.参考系选取不当,会造成解题繁琐或求解错误.合理选取参考系,有利于对问题的分析和解决.本文试从下面3个方面探讨参考系的选取.1参考系与物理量、力学规律的联系研究物体的运动,参考系选取不同,观察结果常不一样.物体的位移、速度、加速度、动能、势能等物理量都与参考系选取有关,选取不同的参考系,其数值常不一样,中学物理研究力对物体做的功、做功功率、物体的动能、动量等物理量时,一般默认以地面为参考系.经典力学相对性原理告诉我们,对于描述力学规律来说,一切惯性参照系都是等价的.中学物理中所研究的动力学规律通常是在特定惯性参照系中进行的(常以地球为
To solve the problem of kinematics and dynamics of middle school physics, choosing the reference frame is an important part. The improper selection of the reference frame will lead to complicated or solvable errors. To select the reference frame reasonably is helpful for the analysis and solution of the problem. Three aspects of the reference system to explore the selection of a reference system and the reference system and the physical quantity, the law of the relationship between physical movement of the study, the reference system selection is different, the observation is often the same object displacement, velocity, acceleration, kinetic energy, potential energy and other physical quantities Reference system selection, select a different reference system, its value is often the same, high school physics research power to do the work, the work of power, the kinetic energy of objects, momentum and other physical quantities, the general default to the ground as a reference system. The principle of sex tells us that all the inertial reference systems are equivalent to describing the laws of mechanics, and the laws of dynamics studied in middle school physics are usually carried out in a specific inertial frame of reference