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目的分析2009年上海市甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征,探索疾病流行规律,为进一步完善相关预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采集病例咽拭子开展甲型H1N1流感核酸检测,并采用流行病学描述方法对2009年5-9月上海市确诊病例开展流行病学研究及相关因素分析。结果2009年5月25日上海市确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例。截至11月19日24时,上海市共报告1656例确诊病例,重症病例4例,无死亡病例。对最初315例开展流行病学调查,以输入性为主(296例,93.97%),主要来源于澳大利亚(139例,44.13%)和美国(43例,13.65%)。病例的发现主要通过流感监测系统、口岸检疫、发热门诊和集中医学观察点4种途径,发病对象年龄段以10～29岁青少年为主(64.73%),有性别差异(P=0.003)。追踪确诊病例密切接触者共5224人次,包括20名医务人员,无医务人员感染。结论疫情已进入快速增长期,甲流在上海社区间暴发的风险正在日益增加。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) in Shanghai in 2009 and explore the epidemic rules of disease so as to provide a scientific basis for further improvement of related prevention and control measures. Methods Throat swabs were collected for the detection of influenza A (H1N1) nucleic acid. Epidemiological studies and related factors were performed on the confirmed cases from May to September in 2009 in Shanghai. Results On May 25, 2009, the first confirmed case of Influenza A (H1N1) in Shanghai was confirmed. As at 24 o’clock on the November 19, a total of 1656 confirmed cases of Shanghai were reported, 4 cases of severe cases, no deaths. The first 315 cases of epidemiological survey, mainly imported (296 cases, 93.97%), mainly from Australia (139 cases, 44.13%) and the United States (43 cases, 13.65%). The cases were mainly found in four ways: influenza surveillance system, port quarantine, fever clinics and centralized medical observation points. The age groups of the patients were mostly aged 10-29 (64.73%) with gender differences (P = 0.003). A total of 5224 people were followed up for close contacts of confirmed cases, including 20 medical staff and no medical staff were infected. Conclusion The outbreak has entered a period of rapid growth, and the risk of outbreak of H1N1 influenza in Shanghai community is increasing.