目的:探讨脾脏神经支配与免疫功能关系。方法:清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分成实验组、对照组。手术切除实验组10只大鼠脾脏神经纤维,饲养1周后取出脾脏,4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡切片行HE染色及ABC免疫组织化学染色。结果:(1)HE染色两组大鼠脾脏结构结构清晰,动脉周围淋巴鞘内淋巴细胞密集成团状,红髓内可见大量红细胞,在去除大鼠脾脏神经支配的实验组较对照组脾脏大体结构无明显变化;(2)两组脾脏淋巴细胞均有ERK表达,对照组正常脾脏表达ERK阳性细胞占16.2%,实验组仅占6.0%。实验组脾脏内表达ERK阳性细胞数量明显低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01),同时ERK表达量也低于对照组,且差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:在去除神经支配后,脾脏内淋巴细胞增殖活性明显降低,在一定程度上影响到脾脏免疫功能。 Objective: To explore the relationship between the innervation of the spleen and immune function. Methods: Twenty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The spleen nerve fibers of 10 rats in the experimental group were removed surgically. After one week of rearing, the spleens were removed, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and paraffin sections were stained with HE and ABC immunohistochemistry. Results: (1) The structure of spleen in HE staining group was clear. Lymphocytes in lymphoid sheath around the artery were densely clustered. Large numbers of erythrocytes were seen in the red pulp. Compared with the control group, (2) The expression of ERK in spleen lymphocytes of both groups was 16.2% in the control group and only 6.0% in the experimental group. The number of ERK positive cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.01), and the expression of ERK in the experimental group was also lower than that in the control group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: After denervation, the activity of lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen is significantly reduced, which may affect the immune function of the spleen to a certain extent.