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在提出氮肥群体最高生产力概念的前提下,以长江中下游地区有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种(系)为供试材料,比较研究品种间氮肥群体最高生产力的差异及其与产量构成因素、株型和氮肥农学利用率的关系。结果表明:(1)在基础地力产量为6thm-2的沙壤土上,50个早熟晚粳品种氮肥群体最高生产力对应的施氮量主要集中在225～300kghm-2,各品种的氮肥群体最高生产力因种而异,变动在7.42～11.02thm-2,差异显著。(2)氮肥群体最高生产力与群体颖花量呈显著正相关(r=0.865),生产力处于顶层与高层水平品种的颖花量极显著高于中层、低层品种,而颖花量的增加主要体现在每穗粒数的极显著增加。(3)氮肥群体最高生产力随高效叶面积与单穗重增加而增长,顶层和高层水平品种的基本株型性状均显著优于中层和低层水平品种,主要表现为株高105～110cm,基部节间粗0.65cm左右,高效叶面积大(高效LAI大于5),穗型较大。(4)品种间理论氮肥群体最高生产力随对应施氮量增加而增长,但相同对应施氮量下,品种生产力亦有一定差异。(5)筛选出6个氮肥群体最高生产力(≥10.5thm-2)与氮肥农学利用率均较高且协调统一的品种。
Under the premise of the concept of maximum productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer community, 50 representative early maturing late-maturing japonica rice varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as test materials to compare the difference of maximum productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer among varieties and its relationship with yield components , Plant type and nitrogen use efficiency of agriculture. The results showed as follows: (1) In sandy loam soil with 6thm-2 of ground productivity, the highest nitrogen fertilization rates of nitrogenous fertilizers in 50 precocious late japonica cultivars were mainly concentrated in 225 ~ 300kghm-2. The highest productivity of nitrogenous fertilizers Varies, changes in the 7.42 ~ 11.02thm-2, the difference was significant. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between maximum productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer population and population spikelet (r = 0.865), and the productivity of spikelets at the top and top levels was significantly higher than that of the middle and lower levels, while the increase of spikelets was mainly reflected The number of grains per spike increased dramatically. (3) The maximum productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer group increased with the increase of high leaf area and single spike weight. The basic plant type traits of top and high level cultivars were significantly better than middle and low level cultivars. The main plant types were 105-110 cm plant height, Rough 0.65cm between the high-efficiency leaf area (high LAI greater than 5), larger panicles. (4) Inter-species theory The highest productivity of nitrogenous fertilizer group increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but under the same nitrogen application rate, the productivity of varieties was also different. (5) Six cultivars of nitrogenous fertilizer with the highest productivity (≥10.5thm-2) and high utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer were selected and harmonized.