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对5类876例先天性白内障患者的发病年龄及其手术前后视力进行了统计研究。发现:(1)在出生后6个月内,发病率最高的是全性白内障,致密核性白内障次之,前极性、后极性和绕核性白内障则均以3岁后发病率较高;(2)术前视力与发病年龄有关:在2岁前发病时,视力>0.3的分布比率最差的是全性白内障,致密核性白内障次之;2～4岁发病时,仍以这两型白内障的视力差,后极性白内障的视力分布变化不大,前极性白内障视力相对较好;4岁以后发病时,前极性白内障较好,后极性白内障变化不大,仍以全性白内障视力最差;(3)术后观力的恢复依赖术前视力水平,即与发病年龄早晚有关,发病年龄越早,术前视力越差,则术后视力恢复也越差,这一变化尤以前极性白内障最为明显。提示:针对不同类型白内障的发病年龄予以区别对待,对于获得良好治疗效果至关重要。
The incidence of preoperative and postoperative visual acuity in 876 cases of 5 types of patients with congenital cataract were studied statistically. The results showed that: (1) Within 6 months after birth, the highest incidence was total cataract, followed by dense nuclear cataracts. The incidence of anterior and posterior polarity and nucleus cataract were both higher after 3 years High; (2) preoperative visual acuity and age of onset: the onset of 2 years of age, visual acuity> 0.3 the worst distribution rate is the whole cataract, followed by dense nuclear cataracts; 2 to 4 years of age, still with The visual acuity of these two types of cataracts was poor, the visual acuity distribution of posterior polar cataracts changed little, and the visual acuity of the former polar cataract was relatively good. The incidence of anterior polar cataract was better after 4 years old, (3) The recovery of postoperative visual acuity depends on preoperative visual acuity, which is related to the age of onset, the earlier age of onset, the worse the preoperative visual acuity, the worse the postoperative visual acuity recovery, This change is particularly evident in the former polar cataracts. Tip: The age at onset of different types of cataracts are treated differently and are crucial to achieving good outcomes.